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Science 9: Chapter 1 & 2 Review
1.1: The Cell—The Basic Unit of Life
1. What are the four basic statements of the cell theory?
2. Define organelles. State which organelles a plant cell has that an animal cell does not?
How else does a plant cell differ from an animal cell?
3. What information does the nucleus contain? Why is this information important and
how does it affect cell function?
4. Pretend you are doing an experiment where you take the nucleus out of an amoeba
(a-ME-ba). Predict what will happen to the amoeba and explain why.
1.2: Understanding the Cell Cycle
1. What must happen in a nucleus before it can undergo mitosis?
2. Briefly describe the phases of mitosis. In which phase are there two nuclei?
3. Why must the nuclear membrane break down during mitosis?
1.3: The Cell Cycle in Your Body
1. Explain a process in the human body that gives us evidence of the cell cycle at work.
2. Describe what happens when cells divide uncontrollably.
3. Some cells live for years while others live for only a few days. Why do you think some
cells might be replaced faster than others?
1.4: Asexual Reproduction in Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Animals
1.a) Describe how an animal reproduces by budding.
b) What is one advantage of this type of reproduction?
1.5: Asexual Reproduction in Plants
1.a) What is meristem?
b) What is the role of these cells in the asexual reproduction of plants?
2. The number of plants in a flower bed, such as daffodils, can increase without
additional bulbs being planted. Explain how this can happen.
Ch.1 Review:
1. Describe and illustrate one example of plant propagation that relies on the ability of
plants to reproduce asexually.
2.* Why might exposure to certain substances increase the risk of cancer? Propose a
model to explain this.
3. Explain what might happen if the chromosomes did not separate properly during
anaphase in mitosis.
2.1: The Basis of Sexual Reproduction (Gametogenesis)
1. How are zygotes produced?
2. What are homologous pairs and why are they important?
3. Are cells in your muscles haploid or diploid? Explain why.
4. Explain why all organisms that reproduce sexually have even diploid numbers.
5. Compared to mitosis, how many times does a cell divide in meiosis?
2.2: Sexual Reproduction in Animals
1. What is the function of fertilization? Explain why fertilization alone does not ensure
successful reproduction.
2. Which animal probably gives birth to more young at a time: the salmon or the whale?
Explain why.
3. During mating, a female frog may try to dislodge the male who embraces her. Only
males that can remain attached long enough will fertilize the eggs. How might this
behaviour affect the characteristics of the offspring?
2.3: Sexual Reproduction in Plants
1. For each pair of terms below, explain what they have in common and how they differ:
(a) pistil and stamen
(b) flower and cone
(c) angiosperm and gymnosperm
(d) seed and spore
2. Explain why seeds can be referred to as “plants in storage.”
3.a) Can a gamete develop into a complete plant by itself, without fertilization? Explain.
b) Can a spore develop into a complete plant by itself, without fertilization? Explain.
4. Fireweed flowers are shaped so that they cannot pollinate themselves. Nar the end of
the growing season, however, a change occurs in any flower that has not been pollinated.
The stamens curve around so that the anthers touch the stigmas within the same flower.
(a) Explain the reproductive advantage of preventing self-pollination.
(b) Explain the reproductive advantage of permitting self-pollination.
Chapter 2 Review
1. Why are fish eggs laid in water?
2. How is incomplete metamorphosis different from complete metamorphosis?
3. How do new-born birds differ from new-born reptiles?
4. Fern leaves grow from tightly coiled, tender spirals called fiddleheads. Although
fiddleheads have been collected as a vegetable delicacy for ages, they are mildly toxic.
How would this feature help a fern survive?
5. Think about the reproductive role of a sporophyte moss plant compared with that of a
gametophyte moss plant. What might you suppose “phyte” means?
6. Decide whether the following are true or false. If false, rewrite the statement so it is
true: (a) Homologous pairs get separated in Meiosis II.
(b) The ovaries and testes are an animal’s reproductive organs.
(c) If the haploid number of an organism is 28, then its diploid number is 56.
(d) Mating is required for internal fertilization but not external fertilization.
(e) Cross-pollination guarantees that each plant offspring will be identical.