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Transcript
CH 29 Review Answer Key or….LOOK IN THE BOOK Reviewing the Chapter 1. List the criteria used to classify animals. (pg 518) Organization of tissues, symmetry, body plan, type of coelom, segmentation, type of embryonic cells division, and molecular data. 2. What does the traditional phylogenetic tree (Fig 29.2) tell you about the evolution of the animals studied in this chapter? (pg 519) Strongly suggests that life evolved from simpler/less complex organisms into increasing more complex animals in incremental stages. 3. What features make sponges different from other organisms placed in the animal kingdom? (522-523) Sponges have only cellular level of organization. They are also the only animals that have digestion occurring in cells. 4. List the type of cells found in a sponge, and describe their functions. (pg 522) amoebocytes – act as a circulatory device to transport nutrients choanocytes or collar cells – flagella produces water currents epidermal cells – outer layer with contractile fibers 5. What are the two body forms found in cnidarians? Explain how they function in the life cycle of various types of cnidarians? (pg 524) Medusa and Polyp. NOT ALL CNIDARIANS HAVE BOTH. SOME ARE MORE PROMINENT THAN OTHERS Medusa is the free-swimming; involved in sexual reproduction Polyp is the sessile stage; produces medusa via asexual budding 6. Describe the anatomy of the hydra, pointing out those features that typify cnidarians. (pg 526-527) Typical cnidarian features: tentacles, nematocysts, 2 body layers 7. Describe the anatomy of a free-living planarian, pointing out those features tat typify non-parasitic flatworms. (pg 528-529) Pharynx, excretory system (flame cell), bilateral symmetry 8. Describe the parasitic flatworms, and give the life cycle of both the blood fluke that causes schistosomiasis and the pork tapeworm. (pg 530) Flukes (Trematodes) and tapeworms (cestodes) are covered with a protective tegument to resist host digestive juices. They also lack a high degree of cephalization and nervous system. They do have a well develop reproductive system. Figure 29.10 Life cycle of a blood fluke, Schistosoma. Figure 29.10 Life cycle of a pork tapeworm. 9. What is a pseudocoelom? What are the advantages of a coelom? What two groups of animals have a pseudocoelom? (pg 532) A pseudocoelom is a “false” body cavity, meaning there is no true coelom. A true coelom involves a tube-within-a-tube system that has mesoderm tissues lining the endoderm and ectoderm with a space in between the mesoderm tissue which holds and maintains position of internal organs. The advantages is more space for a circulatory system which can allow the organism to grow larger. In CH 29 the only animals with a pseudocoelom would be the Nematoda and the Rotifera. 10. Describe the anatomy of Ascaris, pointing out those features that typify roundworms. (pg 533) Typical roundworm anatomy involves a pseudocoelom and bilateral symmetry. Many roundworms are parasitic so they do not have a highly developed digestive system or nervous system. They do have an extensive reproductive system to produce many offspring. Testing Yourself (answers only) 1. d 2. e. 3. e. 4. d. 5. b. 10. a – gastrovascular cavity 11. a. Cnidarian and Ctenophora 11. d. Nematoda, Nemertea 12. a tapeworm b. planarian 6. e. 7. a. 8. c. 9. a. b. tentacle c. mouth b. Nematoda, Rotifera e. Platyhelmithes c. sponge d. Hydra d. mesoglea c. Cnidarian and Ctenophora f. Cnidaria e. rotifer f. planarian g. Hydra Thinking Scienficially 1. Radially symmetrical animals, that aren’t sessile, generally float about and/or pulse their bodies to move or drift in the water. Bilaterally symmetrical animals, that are not parasites, free swim in the direction of their heads. The notable exception to this is the hydra which somersaults along a surface. 2. Having a complete digestive track allows animals to more efficiently process or absorb nutrients from food. The flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) do not have a tube within a tube body plan so food as to go in, get processed and then out the same opening. This obviously decreases the amount of time food can be taken into the animal. Roundworms (phylum Nematoda) have the tube-within-atube system so food only moves in one direction which then increases they amount of time food can be taken in. The more food an organism takes in, the more successful it will be and therefore will leave more offspring, which is probably why there are more roundworm species. Understanding the Terms a. gastrovascular cavity b. coelom e. tube-within-a-tube body plan c. pseudocoelom d. bilateral symmetry