Download NOUN (LARGEST BASKET) Any name is a noun, any noun is a

NOUN (LARGEST BASKET)
Any name is a noun, any noun is a name. There are 5 types of nouns they are
 Proper Noun,
 Common Noun,
 Abstract Noun,
 Collective Noun &
 Name of an Activity.
1. Proper noun - Name given to a specific person, place, animal or thing is
called as proper noun.
Ex: Maria, Mysore, Bangalore, Titan, Tiger, Jasmine etc.
2. Common noun- Name given to common property between persons,
places, and things.
Ex: Boys, Girls, Chairs, Pens, Buildings etc.
3. Collective noun- Name given to a collection of things or people.
Ex: Pair of shoes, Bunch of Flowers, Pride of Lion, Herd of Sheep etc.
4. Abstract noun- Name given to a specific quality.
Ex: Beauty, good will, honesty.
5. Name of an activity - It is a name give to a specific action.
Ex. Read, write, walk, Jump etc.
PRONOUN (BASKET WITH 100 WORDS)
Pronoun is a Substitute or Replacement of a noun. There are 4 types of
Pronouns. They are
 Personal pronoun,
 Question Pronoun,
 Pointing Pronoun &
 Indefinite Pronoun.
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1. Personal pronoun- A pronoun is said to be in a personal pronoun when it
is replaced by a proper noun or a common noun.
Ex: he, she, they, us.
2. Question pronoun- Words that intend to ask a question are called question
pronouns.
Ex: Who, how, why, what, when.
3. Pointing pronoun- Pointing pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point out
to something specific.
Ex: This, That, These, Those, such.
4. Indefinite pronoun:- Indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that can’t be
measured & does not point out to something specific.
Ex: Nobody, Somebody.
VERBS
A verb is any action or state of being.
Ex. Ram is driving.
There are 6 types of verbs.
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Action Verb- An action verb is a verb which denotes an action.
Ex. I am working on a project.
ACTION
State of being verb - A state of being verb is a verb which has capacity to
produce an action.
Ex. I
am
singing
Capacity
SINGULAR- PLURAL CONVERSION
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Verbs naturally exist in plural form.
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FORMS OF NOUNS
There are 7 Forms of Nouns. They are:
 Father Form of a Noun,
 Mother form of a Noun,
 Ownership form of a Noun,
 Directional Form of a Noun,
 Purpose form of a Noun,
 Instrumental form of a Noun &
 Statehood form of a Noun.
Father form of noun:A noun is said to be in father form of a noun when the noun appears in the
beginning of a sentence (Actor).
Ex: Raju is smart.
Mother form of noun:A noun is said to be in mother form of a noun when the noun appears at the
end of the sentence (Receiver).
Ex.: Her name is Reeta
Ownership form of noun:A noun is said to be in ownership form of a noun when it owns something or
someone.
Ex: This is Rahul’s pen.
Directional form of noun:A noun is said to be in directional form of a noun when the noun is used as a
direction (when noun is pointed out to)
Ex: I am going to Mysore.
Purpose form of a noun:A noun is said to be in purpose form of a noun when the noun is the purpose
of an action.
Ex: We got this car for Rahul.
Instrumental form of a noun (Service):-6-
A noun said to be in instrumental form of a noun when the noun is the cause
of an action.
Ex: This pen was given to me by sneha
State Hood form: A noun is said to be in Statehood form of a noun when the noun is used as a
point of reference for a person or something.
Ex. I stay next to Ram’s house.
FORMS OF PRONOUNS
There are 7 Forms of Pronouns. They are
 Father Form of a Pronoun,
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





Mother form of a Pronoun,
Ownership form of a Pronoun,
Directional Form of a Pronoun,
Purpose form of a Pronoun,
Instrumental form of a Pronoun &
Statehood form of a Pronoun.
Father form of a Pronoun:A Pronoun is said to be in father form of a Pronoun when the Pronoun
appears in the beginning of a sentence (Actor).
Ex: He is smart.
Mother form of a Pronoun:A Pronoun is said to be in mother form of a Pronoun when it appears at the
end of the sentence (Receiver).
Ex.: Give this to her
Ownership form of a Pronoun:A Pronoun is said to be in ownership form of a Pronoun when it owns
something or a person.
Ex: This is her’s.
Directional form of a Pronoun:A Pronoun is said to be in directional form of a Pronoun when the Pronoun
is used as a direction (when Pronoun is pointed out to)
Ex: I am going to her place.
Purpose form of a Pronoun:A Pronoun is said to be in purpose form of a Pronoun when the Pronoun is
the purpose of the action.
Ex: We got this car for him.
Instrumental form of a Pronoun (Service):A Pronoun said to be in instrumental form of a Pronoun when the Pronoun is
the cause of the action.
Ex: This pen was given to me by her
State Hood form of a Pronoun: -8-
A Pronoun is said to be in Statehood form of a Pronoun when the Pronoun is
used as a point of reference for a person or something.
Ex. I stay next to her house.
ADJECTIVES
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An adjective is a word that is used to explain, describe or add meaning to a
noun or a pronoun.
There are 2 types:
 Qualitative
 Quantitative
Qualitative adjective:
Words that are used to explain or describe about the quality of a noun or a
pronoun.
Eg: clever, active, confidence.
Quantitative adjective:
Words that are used to measure the quantity of nouns or pronouns.
Eg: measurement, speed, time, weight.
There are 3 forms of adjectives. (Degrees of Comparison)
Positive form
Comparative form
Superlative form
When an adjective
describes the noun or a
pronoun, it is said to be
positive form of an
adjective.
When an adjective is
used to compare nouns
or pronouns, it is said to
be comparative form of
an adjective.
When an adjective is
used to compare more
than two or more nouns
or pronouns, it is said to
be in superlative form.
Eg: He is tall
Eg: He is taller than me. Eg: He is the tallest.
When there is a single sound, ‘er’ and ‘est’ must be added.
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Eg: small, tall, naughty.
When there is a double sound, ‘more’ and ‘most’ must be added.
Eg: beautiful, aggressive.
ADVERB
An adverb is a word that is used to describe a verb, an adjective or another
adverb.
Eg: high, much, lot, more, most.
There are 3 types of adverbs:
1) Adverb that describes verbs.
Eg: fly high, long jump, beautiful girl.
2) Adverb that describes the adjective.
Eg: hardly innocent, very innocent.
3) Adverb that describes adverb.
Eg: flying very high, little bit of salt.
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ARTICLES
Articles are words that introduce a noun.
There are 2 types of articles:
1. Definite articles: When both the speaker and the listener are clear
about what they are speaking and listening respectively, we use
definite articles.
Eg: ’the’
New Delhi is the capital state of India.
Speaker
Listener
2. Indefinite articles: Either the speaker or the listener or both, are not
clear about what they are speaking and listening to respectively, we
use indefinite articles.
Eg: ‘a’ and ‘an’
Someone please lend me a book.
I live in an apartment.
Speaker
Listener
‘a’ is an indefinite article, used before a consonant sound and
‘an’ is used before a vowel sound.
Grammar rule 1
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When you have a single, countable English noun, you must always have an
article before it. We cannot say "please pass me pen", we must say "please
pass me the pen" or "please pass me a pen" or "please pass me your pen".
Nouns in English can also be uncountable. Uncountable nouns can be
concepts, such as 'life', 'happiness' and so on, or materials and substances,
such as 'coffee', or 'wood'.
Grammar rule 2
Uncountable nouns don't use 'a' or 'an'. This is because you can't count them.
For example, advice is an uncountable noun. You can't say "he gave me an
advice", but you can say "he gave me some advice", or "he gave me a piece
of advice".
Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable. For example, we say
"coffee" meaning the product, but we say "a coffee" when asking for one
cup of coffee.
Grammar rule 3
You can use 'the' to make general things specific. You can use 'the' with any
type of noun – plural or singular, countable or uncountable.
"Please pass me a pen" – any pen.
"Please pass me the pen" – the one that we can both see.
"Children grow up quickly" – children in general.
"The children I know grow up quickly" – not all children, just the ones I
know.
"Poetry can be beautiful"- poetry in general.
"The poetry of Hopkins is beautiful" – I'm only talking about the poetry
Hopkins wrote.
More uses of articles in English
(1) Rivers, mountain ranges, seas, oceans and geographic areas all use 'the'.
For example, "The Thames", "The Alps", "The Atlantic Ocean", "The
Middle East".
(2) Unique things have 'the'.
For example, "the sun", "the moon".
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(3) Some institutional buildings don't have an article if you visit them for the
reason these buildings exist. But if you go to the building for another reason,
you must use 'the'.
"Her husband is in prison." (He's a prisoner.)
"She goes to the prison to see him once a month."
"My son is in school." (He's a student.)
"I'm going to the school to see the head master."
"She's in hospital at the moment." (She's ill.)
"Her husband goes to the hospital to see her every afternoon."
(4) Musical instruments use 'the'.
"She plays the piano."
(5) Sports don't have an article.
"He plays football."
(6) Illnesses don't have an article.
"He's got appendicitis."
But we say "a cold" and "a headache".
(7) Jobs use 'a'.
"I'm a teacher."
(8) Countries
We don't use 'a' if the country is singular. "He lives in England." But if the
country's name has a "plural" meaning, we use 'the'. "The People's Republic
of China", "The Netherlands", "The United States of America".
(9) Continents, towns and streets don't have an article.
"Africa", "New York", "Church Street".
(10) Theatres, cinemas and hotels have 'the'.
"The Odeon", "The Almeira", "The Hilton".
(11) Abbreviations use 'the'.
"the UN", "the USA", "the IMF".
(12) We use 'the' before classes of people.
"the rich", "the poor", "the British".
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TENSES
Tenses = Verb + Time
3 Types of tenses:
 Past Tense
 Present Tense
 Future Tense
Five Sub-types:
 Simple Tense
 Indefinite Tense
 Continuous Tense
 Perfect Tense
 Perfect Continuous Tense
15 Sub-types:
1. Simple Past Tense
2. Indefinite Past Tense
3. Continuous Past Tense
4. Perfect Past Tense
5. Perfect Past Continuous Tense
6. Simple Present Tense
7. Indefinite Present Tense
8. Continuous Present Tense
9. Perfect Present Tense
10.Perfect Continuous Present Tense
11.Simple Future Tense
12.Indefinite Future Tense
13.Continuous Future Tense
14.Perfect Future Tense
15.Perfect Continuous Future Tense
Windows Media player Example
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PAST
TIME
PRESENT
1 2
3
4 5
6 7
8 9
c
b
d
a
b
FUTURE
10 11 12 13 14 15
VERB
a
b
a
d
b
Formula:
Past Tense = c a b d b
Present Tense
= aabdb
Future Tense
= aabdb
Forms of Verbs
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a
a
b
d
b
Six commonly used Sentences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Simple Past Tense
Continuous Past Tense
Simple Present Tense
Continuous Present Tense
Simple Future Tense
Continuous Future Tense
Simple Past Tense:
When we wish to express a single action that had happened in the past
without continuity is called as Simple Past Tense
Eg: We went to the temple last month
I met my friend yesterday
Continuous Past Tense:
When we wish to express a single action that had happened in the past
continuously for sometime is called as Continuous Past Tense
Eg: We were watching a movie yesterday
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He was working on the project yesterday
Simple Present Tense:
When we wish to express a single action that happens at present quickly &
without continuity is called as Simple Present Tense.
Eg: She sings a song
Continuous Present Tense:
When we wish to express a single action that happens at present
continuously for sometime is called as Continuous Present Tense.
Eg: She is doing her assignment now
We are playing chess now
Simple Future Tense:
When we wish to express a single action that is expected to happen in future
without continuity is called as Simple Future Tense
Eg: He will meet us tomorrow
I will attend an interview next week.
Continuous Future Tense:
When we wish to express a single action that is expected to happen in future
continuously for sometime is called as Continuous Future Tense.
Eg: He will be participating in the Quiz competition tomorrow
We will be missing you from tomorrow.
Sentence Structures: 2 a), b) & c)
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ACTION VERB
Action verbs: Words that denote an action.
Eg: Walking, running, talking
Action Verbs are of 2 types:
1. Regular verbs
2. Irregular verbs
Forms of Verb
A
b
c
d
Regular Verb
Jump/s
jumping
jumped
Jumped
Irregular Verb
Write/s
writing
wrote
written
Buy/s
buying
bought
bought
Types of Verbs
i) Type I
ii) Type II
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PREPOSITIONS
It is a word that is used to indicate the position of a noun or a pronoun.
On
In
Up
Down
Around
Across
Between
Amongst
Within
Without
Until
About
Into
Besides
Beyond
Along
After
Beneath
Outside
By
Towards
In front
Inside
Below
Against
Before
Behind
Under
Far
From
With
To
Over
Near
Eg:
On- covering or touching the surface.
In- which is in the area.
Of- is used to denote belongings of someone or thing.
Near- within a short distance or time.
To- pointing towards someone or thing.
With- either in the presence.
From-it is direction away or a point where something starts.
For- indicating purpose.
At- denotes to specific point i.e place or time.
Over- denotes at moves above or completes
Under- at a point below.
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At
Of
Behind- at the back of a point of reference.
Before- object is ahead of point of reference.
Against- which is opposite.
Below- underneath the point of reference.
Inside- which is in the innerside of the surface.
In front of- ahead of a point of reference or person.
Towards- indicates the end point of object and destination
By- action is caused by something or someone.
Outside- something or someone stays out of volume from the point of
reference.
Beneath- is the lower surface touching.
After- it is to fallow something or someone moving.
Along- movement on a particular path or parallel to path.
Along with- is in company of, or position of.
Beyond- after a time or in place.
Beside - next to.
Besides- Additional qualities / responsibilities.
Into- to move towards an area or volume.
About- descriptive about noun or pronoun.
Until/till- used as conditions for time or event.
Within- indicates before a distance or time.
Without- in the absence of.
Than- it is used to compare.
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Among/amongst- among a group.
Between- it is a location or time within two points
Up- direction pointing towards the top.
Down- direction pointing down or to the bottom.
Across- used tp cut a path.
Around- is to move in circles about a point.
INTERJECTIONS
Interjections are words that are used to express sudden feelings or emotions,
like happiness, joy, shock, surprise, excitement, sadness, etc
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STATE OF BEING
State of being is defined as the capacity to produce an action.
 State of being 1st group of verbs
Eg: is, am & are
 State of being 2nd group of verbs
Eg: Has& have
 State of being 3rd group of verbs
Eg: There is, there are
INFINITIVE FORM
Infinitive form of a verb = To + Original form of the verb
Infinitive form of an action verb = To + Original form of an action verb
Infinitive form of SOB1 = To + Original form of SOB1
Infinitive form of SOB2 = To + Original form of SOB2
Infinitive form of SOB3 naturally does NOT exist
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CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions- there are 20 conjunctions. Conjunction is a word that is used
to join two words or two phrases or two sentences.
And
Which
When
Where
How
Whether…
or
Whether…
or not
Provided… Supposing…
that
that
Who
Incase
Unless
However
Although
Inspite… of Even if
As soon as
Not only…
But also
Too… to
So… that
Neither…
nor
Is no
sooner…
than
Why
Either… or
Because..
since
And: used to join two sentences or words or phrases that are related to the
same topic .
Eg: I went to the stadium and saw sachin
She went to school and learnt English.
Which: used to specify about the topic spoken earlier.
Eg: I went to a party which was very far off from my house.
When: used to specify a timing, which is previously decided.
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Eg: when I was in school, I was in the drama club.
Where: reference to a specific place.
Eg: I went to the beach, where I can shells.
Who: reference to person which was in the past.
Eg: I work with this guy who I studied with in college.
How: is specifically in reference to the way we do something.
Eg: I went to cricket camp and learnt how to bat.
Because and since: is used to tell the reason or an action.
Eg: I enrolled at alchemy because I wanted to improve my skills..
For or as: specifies as an action and comes in the middle.
Why: is to ask for a reason.
Eg: I don’t know why she comes home so late.
Whether: It is used to choose between two options.
Eg: I don’t know whether I should go for the party or not.
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Provided that: to indicate based on action.
Though: it is used to join a situation and an opposite result .
Eg: I ran across the street even though it was raining.
However: it is used to connect a difficult situation and an opposite result.
Eg: However the situation maybe I will work hard
.
Inspite: to connect a sentence of an action and an opposite result.
Eg: inspite of her hard work, she didn’t succeed.
Even if: to connect an extreme action and an opposite result.
Eg: I will attend your program even if I have to take leave from work.
As soon as: to indicate an action after a condition.
Eg: please come here as soon as possible.
Not only ….. but also: Is used to connect two sentences which add more
meaning to the same noun or pronoun.
Eg: not only did I miss the bus, but also lost my wallet.
Either…...or: to choose between things places and animals in positive
sense.
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Eg: you either eat your breakfast or carry it to college.
So: is used to indicate a condition which is causing a result.
Eg: there is a traffic jam, so I cant come online.
So that: used to represent an action with a certain action.
I will do my homework regularly so that I can do well in my exams.
Too…to: Is used to connect an extreme situation to an appropriate action.
Eg: it is too easy to irritate Jason.
Is no sooner….than: to indicate a condition and fulfill an action.
Eg: even if you get me the job, I will not work for it
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