Download Unit 2- Colonialism in South America Name: Spanish Colonies • La

Unit 2- Colonialism in South America
Name: __________________________
Spanish Colonies
• La Isabella, first Spanish Colony _________________________________________________________________.
– Located in present day Dominican Republic
• Colony of Santo Domingo founded in 1496.
– By 1508, 10,000 Spaniards were living there.
• 1511, Spanish establish a colony on the island of Cuba.
– The _____________________________________________________ while conquering the island.
(Pope’s decree- ___________________________________________.)
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• 1510- _______________________ European settlement on the _______________________________________
– Present day Panama.
• The colony, called Santa María la Antigua del Darién, lasted only until 1524 when it was burned down by Indians.
The Spanish come to Mexico
• April 21, 1519- 11 Spanish ships arrive off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, having set sail from the Spanish
colony in Cuba
• ________________________________- leader of the Spanish force
– the force included 550 soldiers and 16 horses
Hernan Cortes- The Conquistador
What is a Conquistador?- Conquistadors were ________________________________________________ who came to
the new world to _________________________________.
• Born in 1485 in Spain
• Cortes was a university law student, when he dropped out in 1504 and moved to Santo Domingo
– Seek “gold and glory” in the new world as a conquistador.
Cortes’ Campaign Against the Aztecs
Cortes gets two lucky breaks
1) Montezuma, the Aztec king, _________________________________________________, and welcomed him
with lavish gifts and gold.
2) Discovered a Spanish prisoner who _____________________________________________________
What happened?
• The Spanish were impressed with the grandeur and riches of the Aztec capital
• But _______________________________________________________ and cruelty of the Aztecs.
– Cortes immediately decided to put a stop to the cannibalism and human sacrifice
• Laid siege to the Aztec capital and takes the king as hostage
• Aztec people riot and Cortes forces the Aztec’s to surrender.
Why did the Spanish Win?
Predict- The Spanish had a much smaller force, so why did they win?__________________________________________
• _____________________________- steel weapons, guns, artillery, horses, steel armor.
• _____________________________ – The Aztecs were so hated, it was easy for the Spanish to recruit the help of
other Indians.
• _____________________– European diseases, particularly small pox, devastated the Aztec population
Conquering the Incas
• _______________________________________________________, Spanish conquistador Fernando Pizarro led
an expedition to conquer the powerful Inca Empire in South America.
• 1530-1532 Pizarro’s expedition fought along the frontier of the Incan Empire.
• 1532- Pizarro and a force of about 180 men captured the Inca Emperor, Atahualpa
– Hoping the Spanish will go away, Atahualpa offers Pizarro a room full of gold, if they will leave. Pizarro
agreed, but instead had Atahualpa executed.
• By 1541, the _______________________________________________ stretching from present day California
and Florida, to Chile.
People of Spanish Colonies
Spanish Class System
• Peninsulare – __________________________________
– Held High Positions
• Criollos – ______________________________________________
– Often wealthy, they could not hold government offices.
• Mestizos – People of_________________________________________________
– They were poor and without power.
• Africans and Indians – these people were at the bottom and held no power.
– They were usually slaves.
The Economy of a Spanish Colony
• The _____________________________________________- an economic system set up by the Spanish to make
Spain wealthy off its colonies
• Under this system, _____________________________________, like mining, farming, and ranching for
____________________________________.
– The Spanish however ____________________________________ of the gold, silver, coffee, sugar cane,
and other crops the Indians grew for them.
• The Indians were poor, starving, and essentially slaves
• Effect- As thousands of Indians died from starvation, murder, and disease, the
_________________________________________________________ as slaves to do much of the work for them.
Brazil- The Portuguese Colony
• In 1500, Portuguese Sea Captain, Pedro Alvares Cabral ______________________________
– Goal was to reach India.
• The first permanent settlement was set up by the Portuguese in 1532.
• Economy- ____________________________________________
– which led to the importation of millions of slaves from Africa
• Brazil would become the _______________________________________________________ in South America!
Slavery in the Colony of Brazil
• ___________________________were sent to Brazil than to any other colony in South or North America.
• In Brazil, slave ___________________________________________ than in North America.
– Slaves could marry.
– Slaves had to be baptized.
– Slave families could not be broken up for sale.
– Slaves had many days on which they could either rest or earn money to buy their freedom.
• The Government ___________________________________________________________ of slaves.
• The Portuguese accepted the African slaves as humans, not as chattel, or property.
Think About it?
Read the quote: “the Brazilian slave knew he was a man, and that he differed in degree, not in kind, from his master”.
Explain what you think that quote means. How might that attitude of and about Brazilian slaves make a difference in
Brazilian culture today?
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Reflection: Complete your reflection on the lined paper of your notebook, behind these guided notes!
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