Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Unit 2- Colonialism in South America Name: __________________________ Spanish Colonies • La Isabella, first Spanish Colony _________________________________________________________________. – Located in present day Dominican Republic • Colony of Santo Domingo founded in 1496. – By 1508, 10,000 Spaniards were living there. • 1511, Spanish establish a colony on the island of Cuba. – The _____________________________________________________ while conquering the island. (Pope’s decree- ___________________________________________.) Vasco Nunez de Balboa • 1510- _______________________ European settlement on the _______________________________________ – Present day Panama. • The colony, called Santa María la Antigua del Darién, lasted only until 1524 when it was burned down by Indians. The Spanish come to Mexico • April 21, 1519- 11 Spanish ships arrive off the coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, having set sail from the Spanish colony in Cuba • ________________________________- leader of the Spanish force – the force included 550 soldiers and 16 horses Hernan Cortes- The Conquistador What is a Conquistador?- Conquistadors were ________________________________________________ who came to the new world to _________________________________. • Born in 1485 in Spain • Cortes was a university law student, when he dropped out in 1504 and moved to Santo Domingo – Seek “gold and glory” in the new world as a conquistador. Cortes’ Campaign Against the Aztecs Cortes gets two lucky breaks 1) Montezuma, the Aztec king, _________________________________________________, and welcomed him with lavish gifts and gold. 2) Discovered a Spanish prisoner who _____________________________________________________ What happened? • The Spanish were impressed with the grandeur and riches of the Aztec capital • But _______________________________________________________ and cruelty of the Aztecs. – Cortes immediately decided to put a stop to the cannibalism and human sacrifice • Laid siege to the Aztec capital and takes the king as hostage • Aztec people riot and Cortes forces the Aztec’s to surrender. Why did the Spanish Win? Predict- The Spanish had a much smaller force, so why did they win?__________________________________________ • _____________________________- steel weapons, guns, artillery, horses, steel armor. • _____________________________ – The Aztecs were so hated, it was easy for the Spanish to recruit the help of other Indians. • _____________________– European diseases, particularly small pox, devastated the Aztec population Conquering the Incas • _______________________________________________________, Spanish conquistador Fernando Pizarro led an expedition to conquer the powerful Inca Empire in South America. • 1530-1532 Pizarro’s expedition fought along the frontier of the Incan Empire. • 1532- Pizarro and a force of about 180 men captured the Inca Emperor, Atahualpa – Hoping the Spanish will go away, Atahualpa offers Pizarro a room full of gold, if they will leave. Pizarro agreed, but instead had Atahualpa executed. • By 1541, the _______________________________________________ stretching from present day California and Florida, to Chile. People of Spanish Colonies Spanish Class System • Peninsulare – __________________________________ – Held High Positions • Criollos – ______________________________________________ – Often wealthy, they could not hold government offices. • Mestizos – People of_________________________________________________ – They were poor and without power. • Africans and Indians – these people were at the bottom and held no power. – They were usually slaves. The Economy of a Spanish Colony • The _____________________________________________- an economic system set up by the Spanish to make Spain wealthy off its colonies • Under this system, _____________________________________, like mining, farming, and ranching for ____________________________________. – The Spanish however ____________________________________ of the gold, silver, coffee, sugar cane, and other crops the Indians grew for them. • The Indians were poor, starving, and essentially slaves • Effect- As thousands of Indians died from starvation, murder, and disease, the _________________________________________________________ as slaves to do much of the work for them. Brazil- The Portuguese Colony • In 1500, Portuguese Sea Captain, Pedro Alvares Cabral ______________________________ – Goal was to reach India. • The first permanent settlement was set up by the Portuguese in 1532. • Economy- ____________________________________________ – which led to the importation of millions of slaves from Africa • Brazil would become the _______________________________________________________ in South America! Slavery in the Colony of Brazil • ___________________________were sent to Brazil than to any other colony in South or North America. • In Brazil, slave ___________________________________________ than in North America. – Slaves could marry. – Slaves had to be baptized. – Slave families could not be broken up for sale. – Slaves had many days on which they could either rest or earn money to buy their freedom. • The Government ___________________________________________________________ of slaves. • The Portuguese accepted the African slaves as humans, not as chattel, or property. Think About it? Read the quote: “the Brazilian slave knew he was a man, and that he differed in degree, not in kind, from his master”. Explain what you think that quote means. How might that attitude of and about Brazilian slaves make a difference in Brazilian culture today? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reflection: Complete your reflection on the lined paper of your notebook, behind these guided notes! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GLUE MARGIN!