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Georgia Performance Standard strands
End of Course Test Study Guide
SUSSH1.a
Explain Virginia’s development, including the Virginia Company, tobacco
cultivation, relationships with the Native Americans such as Powhatan, development
of the House of Burgesses, Bacon's Rebellion, and the development of slavery.
ANSWER:
- Businesses are trying to increase the number of VA companies selling
overseas and their volume of international business
- Tobacco was cultivated annually. It was grown in warm climates with rich,
well-drained soil. 4.2 million hectares of tobacco were under cultivation
worldwide in 2000, yielding over 7 million tones of tobacco
- The Indians had mixed feelings for the English. The first reaction from them
was hostility. Soon though, they were offering food as well as treatment
- The House of Burgesses was the establishment of a legislative assembly. This
developed paths of colonization to Spain and France
- The Bacon’s Rebellion built more prosperous, livable, and sustainable regions
in the commonwealth of VA
- Early on Africans were treated as indentured servants. Over time, their status
in Colonial America evolved into that of property.
SSUSH1.b
What was the settlement of New England?
1620, about 102 people, including about fifty Pilgrims seek religious freedom and
Set sail from England to America. Many of these Pilgrims were Separatists that
wanted to establish their own church, independent of the Anglican Church, (The
Official Church of England). The Virginia Company had allowed the Pilgrims to
settle in Virginia in return for half of all there future profits. The colonists settled in
Plymouth near Cape Cod Bay and believing because they settled outside the chartered
area, they could establish laws for themselves.
What was there relation with the Native Americans?
Much like Virginia, the New England settlers depended on the Native American
people for there trade and for learning ways of adapting to the new land. The
Europeans caused loss of land and home, and brought with them the smallpox illness
to the Native Americans. The conflict between the European settlers and the Native
Americans was inevitable. In 1675, the Wampanoag people were hoping to clear all
European settlers from there homeland, led by Metacomet or also known to the
settlers as King Philip, they waged into a war on expanding settlements in Southern
New England. The settlers found allies in the expanding Mohawks to the west, who
attacked the Wampanoag people. A New England Indian fought on the settler’s side
and killed Metacomet in 1676, which ended the King Philip’s War, causing a paved
way for future expansion of colonial settlements in New England.
What were the effects of the Pilgrims religious tension?
A New England Colony, Rhode Island was established as a corporate colony and
received a Royal "Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations" in 1663. The
Charter established complete religious freedom in Rhode Island, which was unusual
at the time, and later formed the basis for similar provisions in the U.S. Constitution.
The Puritans came to America to establish religious freedom, yet they had little
tolerance for those who did not share their beliefs. By the mid–1600s, the Puritan
ideal was under pressure to change. In 1662, church ministers agreed to the “HalfWay Covenant.” With this, children of church members were admitted as “half-way”
members, allowing them to be baptized into the church but denying them the right to
vote or take communion. A fear of witchcraft pervaded New England during the late
1600s. The hysteria over witchcraft reached a climax in the Puritan village of Salem.
In 1692, dozens of men, women, and children were accused of witchcraft and placed
in the Salem jail. Before the hysteria ended some ten months later, nineteen people
were found guilty of practicing witchcraft during the Salem Witch trials and were
hanged.
What caused the loss of the Massachusetts charter?
1629, a group of non-Separatist Puritans formed their own joint-stock company, the
Massachusetts Bay Company, and secured a charter from King Charles I for land
north of the Plymouth Colony. The charter allowed for a civil government, called the
General
Court, which had the power to levy taxes and elect the governor and his assistants.
This system was similar in structure to Parliament, Britain’s legislative body. In
1684, the Massachusetts Bay Colony lost its charter when Massachusetts openly
violated the Navigation Acts, passed by England in 1660, 1663, and 1673, all meant
to impose trade restrictions on the colonies.
SSUSH1 .c
Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies including the Dutch settlement
of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of
Pennsylvania.
A. Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam
 Capital of New Netherlands
 Built to protect & to trade beaver skins for West Indian Company
B. English takeover of New Amsterdam
 1644- British took over colony & renamed it New York
 Because of British & Dutch mixture, the colony tolerated several different
religions
 Diverse population kept alive this center of trade & commerce
 British invited Dutch to remain there
C. Settlement of Pennsylvania
 Territory between New England & Virginia
 Founded by Quakers; led by William Penn
SSUSH1.d
Explain the reasons for French settlement of Quebec.
Answer:
A. First permanent French settlement in North America
B. Instructed their colonists to spread the Catholic faith in the New World
C. Settled colonies to secure the valuable natural resources of North America and
export them back to Europe
SSUSH2.a
Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade.
Answer:
A. Development of mercantilism
 Definition of mercantilism: an economic system whereby countries take
actions to maintain the largest possible gold reserves by minimizing imports,
maximizing exports, and developing colonies and maintaining a favorable
balance of trade
 Purpose: bring wealth and self-sufficiency to the mother country utilizing
the resources of its colonies
 A favorable balance of trade is when the value of a countries exports is
greater than the value of its imports
B. Trans-Atlantic trade
 Also known as triangular trade
 Controlled by England
SSUSH2.b
Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population and AfricanAmerican culture.
Answer: The middle passage was the journey taken by millions of slaves. It refers to
the transportation of the African people from Africa to the new world as part of the
Atlantic slave trade and was also the middle portion of the triangular trade voyage.
About 25-30 million Africans were taken to America, because of this a lot of them
had lost there African culture and had to adopt a new one.
SSUSH2.c
Identify Benjamin Franklin as a Symbol of social mobility and individualism.
Answer: As a scientist, he was a major figure in the Enlightenment and the history of
physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. As a diplomat during the
American Revolution he secured the French alliance that helped to make
independence of the United States possible. His colorful life and legacy of scientific
and political achievement, and status as one of America's most influential Founding
Fathers, has seen Franklin honored as a symbol of social mobility and individualism
and this is just a couple of things he has done.
SSUSH2.d
Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.
Answer: The First Great Awakening, occurring around 1730 to 1760, had a profound
impact on the course of the United States, especially during the latter half of the
Eighteenth Century. Although not widely spoken of in modern times, the Great
Awakening was a movement rooted in spiritual growth which brought a national
identity to Colonial America. The Awakening's biggest significance was the way it
prepared America for its War of Independence
SSUSH3.a
Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the FrenchIndian War, and the 1763 Treaty of Paris, laid the groundwork for the American
Revolution.
Answer: British laws continued to erode the feeling of the colonists. They began their
colonization as being loyal to the crown but as more laws and the restrictions were
passed colonists began to feel a need for self- governance.
SSUSH3.b
Explain colonial response to such British actions such as the Proclamation of 1763
Stamp Act, and the intolerable acts seen in Sons and Daughters of Liberty, and
Committees of Correspondence.
Answer: A lot of tensions increased with the proclamation of 1763, and some of the
Americans were forbidden from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains in an
effort to limit their conflicts with Native Americans.
SSUSH3.c
Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for
independence.
Answer: Common Sense blamed the suffering of the colonies directly on George III,
the British monarch. Since it was in the form of a simple pamphlet, it was easily
spread and motivated people who were nonchalant before they read it. It sparked the
colonists to strengthen and unite and advocated the American Declaration of
Independence.
SSUSH4.
The student will identify the ideology, military, and diplomatic aspects of the
American Revolution.
Answer: Colonists did not want to pay taxes to Britain because their economy could
not grow when Britain controlled them. In stead of being under the rule of a King
they wanted to create a democracy. The Sugar, Quartering, and Stamp Acts and
Taxation without representation truly began the American Revolution. In 1775
colonial leaders began to stockpile arms and ammunition, and then war erupted at
Lexington and Concord.
SSUSH4.a
Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources including the writing of
John Locke and Montesquieu of the declaration of Independence and the role of
Thomas Jefferson.
Answer: Britain committed many wrongs again the US. Thomas Jefferson wrote the
declaration of Independence. John Locke was a British philosopher who had many
theories about independence. He strongly believed in the natural rights of people. The
Declaration included a list of reason why we should separate from Britain and how it
should be done.
SSUSH4.b
Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance
and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette.
Answer: The significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance during the
American Revolution was that it allowed greater freedom of movement of American
forces because the French Navy required the attention of the British Navy; therefore,
the British Navy was more focus on fighting French Navy on the sea instead of
looking in to the Continental Army’s movement. Marquis de Lafayette also provided
military expertise.
SSUSH4.c
Analyze George Washington as a military leader including the creation of a
professional military and the life of a common soldier, crossing the Delaware River,
and Valley Forge.
Answer: The Continental Army owed much to Washington’s leadership. He realized
that to preserve his Continental Army from destruction, he could not risk all on a
major battle under unfavorable conditions it mean he is the intelligent military leader.
Back in Pennsylvania, Washington’s army spent the harsh and hungry winter of 1777
to 1778 at Valley Forge outside of Philadelphia. Because of George Washington’s
ability to motivate his troops, the army held together through the harsh winter in
Valley Forge.
SSUSH4.d
Explain Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis and the treaty of Paris, 1783.
Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown in the last major battle of the revolutionary war,
which lead to the signing of the Treaty of Paris and the end of the revolutionary war.
SSHUS5.a
Explain how weaknesses in the articles of confederation and Daniel shays’
rebellion lead to a call for a stronger central government.
Southern states were trying to succeed from union which ultimately led the need for a
stronger central government
SSUSH5.b
Q: Evaluate the major arguments of the anti-Federalists and Federalists during the
debate on ratification of the Constitution put forth in the Federalists Papers
concerning form of government, factions, checks and balances and the power of the
executive including the roles of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
Answer: Anti-Federalist argued not to ratify the Constitution because they said it
gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the state
governments, there was no bill of rights, the national government could maintain an
army in peacetime, Congress, because of the `necessary and proper clause,' wielded
too much power, and the executive branch held too much power.
Federalists answered by saying; the separation of powers into three independent
branches protected the rights of the people. Each branch represents a different aspect
of the people, and because all three branches are equal, no one group can assume
control over another. A listing of rights can be a dangerous thing. If the national
government were to protect specific listed rights, what would stop it from violating
rights other than the listed ones? Since we can't list all the rights, the Federalists
argued that it's better to list none at all.
SUSSH5.c
Q: Explain the key features of the Constitution, specifically Great Compromise,
separation of powers, limited government, and the issue of slavery.
Answer:
 The Great Compromise is when Sherman suggested that each state would
send an equal number of representatives to the Senate and one representative
to the House for each 30,000 residents of the state.
 The separation of powers is the political doctrine which the executive,
legislative and judicial branches of government are kept distinct, to prevent
abuse of power. This is associated with the Checks and Balances
 The Constitution limited the government to keep it from intervening with
anything other than what was necessary.
SSUSH5.d
Analyze how the Bill of Rights serves as a protector of individual and states rights.
Individual: the Bill of Rights prohibits congress from making laws against your
freedom of religion, right to bear arms, depriving you of life, liberty, or property, etc.
States: the Bill of Rights protects the states in the 14th amendment. At first the Bill of
Rights had banned slavery, but left the choice of racial segregation up to the states.
SSUSH5.e
Explain the importance of the Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams
including the Whiskey Rebellion, non-intervention in Europe, and the development of
political parties (Alexander Hamilton).
George Washington: Washington’s presidency was very important for the fact that it
began a significant leadership role of the U.S. It also set a standard for future
presidents. While president he signed many important acts such as, Bank Act of 1971,
Coinage Act of 1792, & Naval Act of 1794 and many more. He also signed the
Whiskey Act of 1791, which taxed whiskey. This made many people mad, so they
began to rebel. The rebellion then led to formation of political parties. And with
Jefferson’s Republican Party they repealed the tax.
Element: SSUSH6.a
Q: Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s important in the westward migration of
Americans, on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.
A: The first U.S governmental territory outside the original states was the Northwest
Territory, which was created by the Northwest Ordinance. This law demonstrated to
Americans that their national government intended to encourage westward expansion
and that it would do so by organizing new states that would be equal members of the
Union. The ordinance banned slavery in the Northwest Territory. This law made Ohio
River the boundary between free and slave states regions between the 13 states and
the Mississippi River. Additionally, the Northwest Ordinance mandated the
establishment of public schools in the Northwest Territory.
Element: SSUSH6.a
Q: Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s important in the westward migration of
Americans, on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.
A: The first U.S governmental territory outside the original states was the Northwest
Territory, which was created by the Northwest Ordinance. This law demonstrated to
Americans that their national government intended to encourage westward expansion
and that it would do so by organizing new states that would be equal members of the
Union. The ordinance banned slavery in the Northwest Territory. This law made Ohio
River the boundary between free and slave states regions between the 13 states and
the Mississippi River. Additionally, the Northwest Ordinance mandated the
establishment of public schools in the Northwest Territory.
Element: SSUSH6.b
Q: Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy of obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France
and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark.
A: In the early 1800s, President Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to
negotiate the purchase of the important port of New Orleans. At the time, the French
ruler Napoleon controlled New Orleans and much of the land west of the Mississippi
River. In 1803, Napoleon agreed to sell not only New Orleans to the U.S but the
entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million.
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the Louisiana and the
western lands all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Lewis and Clark charted the trails,
mapped rivers and mountain ranges, wrote descriptions and collected samples of
unfamiliar animals and plants, and recorded facts and figures about the various Native
American tribes and customs west of the Mississippi River.
SSUSH6.c
Explain major reasons for the was of 1812 and the war’s significance of the
development of a national identity
Answer: The United States believed that Britain still not treating it as an independent
country, and was actually providing Native Americans with guns to attack Americans
settlers
It led many Americans to believe that they were part of the United States and a part of
some states that didn’t believe in unity
The Erie Canal is a waterway in New York that runs about 363 miles (584 km) from
Albany, New York on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York at Lake Erie. Which
was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard (New York City) and
the western interior (great lakes) of the United States?
The development of the nation’s infrastructure shaped the United States into a great
nation by connecting the eastern seaboard and western expanses of American as well
as propels the industrial revolution and stimulates global trade, economics, and
immigration.
SSUSH6.d
Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the
development of the nation's infrastructure.
Answer: The construction of the Erie Canal was made to connect Albany and buffalo
New York. The lakes that were included were the Hudson and the Erie Lake. The
building of the canal increased revenue in New York because it opened up another
port. The development of the nation’s infrastructure was increased because the canal
increased trading between states and countries.
SSUSH6.e
Describe the reasons for and impotence of the Monroe doctrine.
The Monroe doctrine was needed because America didn’t want European powers
come to the Western Hemisphere for the purpose of collecting debts. The Monroe
Doctrine had originally been intended to keep European nations out of Latin America,
but the Roosevelt corollary was used as a justification for U.S. intervention in Latin
America.
SSUH7.a
a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention
of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets.
Answer a: Eli Whitley Invented the Cotton Gin as a means of easily separating the
seeds from the cotton, the Gin was mass produced using interchangeable parts, it
increased the amount of cotton that the South produced increasing the demand for
slaves.
Whitney was one of the early founders of the "American system" of mass production,
Identical parts were produced by machines, and then assembled by hand Whitney
popularized the machine which produced interchangeable parts for guns.
SSUHS7.b
Describe the westward growth of the United States including the emerging concept of
Manifest Destiny.
Answer: the expansion of the United States moving west from 1807-1912; where
Louisiana Purchase , Florida Purchase, purchase of Oregon, Republic of Texas, New
Mexico, California, Alaska, Hawaii and others occurred.
Manifest destiny: it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand its territory over the whole
of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic
influences.
SSUH7.c
Q: Describe reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public
school.
Answer: reform movements: social movement that aims to make gradual change, or
change in certain aspects of society, rather than rapid or fundamental changes.
Temperance movement: social movement against the use of alcoholic beverages.
Abolitionism: a movement in Western Europe and the Americas to end the slave trade
and free slaves.
Public school: giving education to everyone, no matter their economical situation.
Element: SSUHS7.d
Explain women's efforts to gain the suffrage including Elizabeth Cady Stanton and
the Seneca Falls Conference.
Elizabeth Stanton is believed to be the driving force behind the Seneca Falls
Convention. For the next fifty years, she played a leadership role in the women's
rights movement.
Element: SSUHS7.e
Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding the suffrage, the rise of popular political
culture, and the development of American nationalism.
Jacksonian Democracy refers to the social and political ideas that shaped the period
encompassing Andrew Jackson's presidency.
The attempt to expand suffrage was a vicious struggle between those who supported
and opposed expansion.
The norms, values, and symbols that helped to acknowledge the political power
system of a society. (For example, in the United States, the constitution, democracy,
equality, the flag).
The reason for the development of American nationalism is because of, aspirations
for national independence in a country under foreign domination.
SSUSH8
The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and
westward expansion.
Answer: Before the Civil War, there is three distinct regions emerged in the United
States. First, the North, second the South, and lastly the West. The sharp divisions
emerged between the economies and cultures of the North and South. Then in the
West, settlers from both the North and South merged to create a distinct way of life.
SSUSH8.a
Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics including the
slave of Nat Turner, and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick
Douglas, and the Grimke sisters).
Answer:
Abolitionism:
There was racial discrimination against African Americans in 1820. The slavery had
largely ended in the North America. Most slaves were held in southern states.
Prominent abolitionists included the African Americans, whites, men, and women.
An abolitionist is some one who wants to abolish or get rid of slavery during the time
period before the civil war.
William Lloyd Garrison is a writer and editor. He was an important white abolitionist
that founded regional and national abolitionist societies.
Franklin Douglas was a former slave that worked for Garrison and traveled widely.
They had given the eloquent speeches on behalf of equality for African Americans,
women, Native Americans and immigrants.
The Grimke sisters’ names are Sarah and Angelina. They were southern women who
lectured publicly throughout the northern states talking about the evils of slavery they
had seen growing up on a plantation.
SSUSH8.b
Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and
territories.
The Compromise of 1820 was an agreement between the pro- and anti-slavery states
regulating slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in new states north
of the border of the Arkansas territory, excluding Missouri.
SSUSH8.c
Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology,
including the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism.
Answer: In 1832, states' rights theory was tested in the Nullification Crisis,
after South Carolina passed an ordinance that nullified federal tariffs. The tariffs
favored northern manufacturing interests over southern agricultural concerns. The
South Carolina legislature declared them unconstitutional. Calhoun had formed a
political party in South Carolina explicitly known as the Nullifier Party.
SSUSH8.d
Describe war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso.
Answer: The Mexican war lasted from 1845 – 1846. America wanted to annex Texas.
The Wilmot Proviso was an attempt to keep slavery from the states that were
purchased from Mexico after the war.
SSUSH8.e
Question: Explain the Compromise of 1850
Answer: Political agreement that allowed California to be admitted as a free state by
allowing popular sovereignty in the territories and enacting a stricter fugitive slave
law
SSUSH9
Question: Identify the key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes,
course, and consequences of the Civil War
Answer: Key events: July 1863-Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
Gettysburg the turning point of the war, 1865-Lee surrenders to Grant; Lincoln
assassinated.
Key issues were Missouri Compromise of 1850, Fugitive Slave Act, Personal liberty
laws, Kansas-Nebraska Act
Important individuals were Jefferson Davis-President of the Confederacy, Abraham
Lincoln-President of the Union, Robert E. Lee- Confederate general, Stonewall
Jackson-Confederate, Ulysses S. Grant-Union general and 18th President
SSUSH9.a
Question: Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty, DredScott case, and John Brown’s Raid
Answer: The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska law divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas
and Nebraska giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery
Failure of popular sovereignty: Many of the states and people dealing with the
Kansas-Nebraska Act started to take the matter of popular sovereignty into their own
hands by going out and killing each other to determine the outcome rather than voting
on it
Dred Scott case: Supreme Court case which Dred Scott sued for his freedom.
Between 1834 and 1838 he lived mostly on free soil while still remaining enslaved,
but still the Supreme Court said he could not sue in Missouri because he had no rights
John Brown’s Raid: An attempt by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed
slave revolt by seizing a U.S. Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859
SSSUSH 9.b
Describe President Lincoln’s efforts to preserve the Union as seen in his second
inaugural address and the Gettysburg speech and in his use of emergency powers
such as his decision to suspended habeas corpus.
Lincoln opened the Gettysburg Address by referring to the nation that was founded
on the premise that all men are created equal thus showing the importance he put in
the union. He wanted to keep the union together without war as he stated in his
second inaugural speech.
SSUSH9.c
C. Describe the role of Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, William T.
Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.
Answer: Ulysses Grant- He was a U.S. president (republican). He served in the
military as a northern general and won a major battle known as the battle of
Vicksburg (which split the confederacy).
Robert E. Lee- He was a major general of the confederacy. He also served as the
commander at WestPoint before the war. He fought in many important battles of the
Civil War (Battle of Bull Run, Gettysburg, and Antietam)
“Stonewall Jackson”- He was a Southern general during the Civil War. Fought in the
1st battle (Battle of Bull Run) where he got his nickname.
William T. Sherman- He was a Northern general who was best known for his path of
destruction in Georgia (March to the sea), in which he burned towns and destroyed
railroads. He eventually served as lieutenant-general when Grant was president.
Jefferson Davis- He was the President of the Confederacy during the Civil War. He
appointed Robert E. Lee and Johnston to generals in the Civil war.
SSUSH9.d
D. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the
battle for Atlanta.
Answer: Fort Sumter- It began the Civil War.
Antietam- the North started to have hope of winning the
War. This was also the battle in which General Lee began fighting an offensive war.
Vicksburg- This battle marked the division of the Confederacy (Grant took the
Mississippi River) and the turnover of the war from southern victories to northern
victories.
Gettysburg- This battle was General Lee’s second and last invasion of the North. A
northern victory in this battle brought new hope to winning the war.
Battle for Atlanta- North destroyed Atlanta which was the South’s transportation hub.
SSUSH10.a
Compare and contrast Presidential Reconstruction with Radical Republican
Reconstruction.
Answer: While Congress was in recess, the president began implementing his plans
which was soon called Presidential Reconstruction. Radical Republican
Reconstruction was when the Radical Republicans gained sufficient power to
override any potential vetoes made by president.
SSUSH10.b
Explain efforts to redistribute land in the South among the former slaves, provided
advanced education such as Morehouse College, and Freedmen’s Bureau.
Answer: During the Reconstruction period, African Americans made progress in
many areas. Many African American children were able to attend free schools for the
first time. African Americans started newspapers, served in public office, and
attended new colleges and universities established for them. Morehouse College was
founded in Atlanta in 1867 as the Augusta Institute. A former slave and two ministers
founded it for the education of African American men in the fields of ministry and
education. The Freedmen’s Bureau helped former slaves solve everyday problems.
SSUSH10.c
Question: Describe the significance of the 13th, 14th, and the 15th amendments.
Answer:
 13th amendment states that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in The
United States; formally abolishing slavery in the United States.
 14th amendment states that all people who are citizens or naturalized in the United
States have the right to freedoms in the bill of rights; this expanded the protection of
civil rights ALL Americas. “separate but equal”
 15th amendment states that the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not
be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color,
or previous condition of servitude; blacks could not be denied voting in the south or
anywhere else.
SSUSH10.d
Question: Explain black codes, the Ku Klux Klan, and other forms of resistance to racial
equality during reconstruction.
Answer:
 Black codes were laws passed in the state and local level to limit the civil rights and
liberties of African Americans. (in both the South and the North)
 The Ku Klux Klan aka the KKK was a group of men known for wearing white robes
and riding in on horses. They would terrorize many blacks with violence that at times
would lead to lynching. The whole group started to stop blacks from having any real
rights, mainly when it came to voting.
 One Example of other forms of resistance to racial equality during reconstruction is
Jim Crow Laws. They claimed that they would keep everything “separate but equal”
for both blacks and whites.
SSUSH10.e
Question: Explain the impeachment of Andrew Johnson in relationship to
Reconstruction.
Answer: Johnson was impeached on February 24, 1868 (during reconstruction) in the
U.S. House of Representatives on 11 articles of impeachment. The House's primary
charge against Johnson was violation of the Tenure of Office Act, passed by Congress the
previous year. This was because he fired the Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War,
from office and replaced him with Adjutant General Lorenzo. The Tenure of Office Act
denied the president from removing anyone who held office from a past president without
the advice and consent of the senate; all he could do was suspend the officer until senate
met again.
SSUSH11.a
Explain the impact of the railroads on other industries such as steel and on the
organization of big business.
The impact of railroads on the steel industry is quite obvious. Seeing as how railroad
track is made of steel, the building of the trans-continental railroad forced the industry
to produce enough steel to make the track. Railroads have a significant impact on
every other industry as well.
They are the main means of transportation of goods.
SSUSH11.b
Describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the west including the
transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor.
Railroads had a very significant impact in the development of the West. First off,
once the trans-continental railroad was built it allowed people from the East to be
easily transported to West which made migration to this area more intriguing.
Secondly, it allowed for a country wide transfer of goods, so a company from the East
could easily expand their goods/services to the West therefore expanding business.
The use of Chinese labor for the creation of the Railroad was no different than
slavery, except that the Chinese volunteered to work and were not forced to work
SSUSH11.c
Identify John D. Rockefeller and the standard oil Company and the rise of trusts and
monopolies.
Answer: John D. Rockefeller was the founder of the Standard Oil Company. He was
also a philanthropist and on of the richest Americans in history. The Standard Oil
Company was an Ohio oil corporation founded by John D. Rockefeller. It took
control of most other oil refineries in the U.S. A rise of trusts would turn into an
organization with tremendous power. There would be a board of trustees that were
given control of all properties and affiliates. The arrangement would lead to a
monopoly.
SSUSH11.d
Describe the inventions of Thomas Edison including the electric light bulb, motion
pictures, and the phonograph, and their impact on American life.
A: The electric light bulb replaces highly poisonous and flammable gas lights,
making cities and such, much safer places to live. Motion pictures overtook the stage
for top entertainment. It was affordable by most eeryone. It changed ideas, values,
and some of the most important aspects of our culture. The phonograph is able to
record and replay sounds. It can preserve speeches and songs.
SSUSH12.a
Describe Ellis Island, the change in immigrant’s origins to southern and eastern
Europe, and the impact of this change on urban America.
Answer: Ellis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants
to the United States as the site of the nation's busiest immigration station. Most of the
people who came through the island came from Southern or Eastern European
countries. Many of the people after arriving with little or no money moved into ethnic
ghettos that had people of the same culture as them. It was easier to integrate with
people who were of the same religion, language, and race. These ethnic ghettos are
now places like; little Italy in New York, China Town…. Etc.
SSUSH12.b
Identify the American Federation of Labor, Samuel Gompers
Answer: The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed in 1886. Samuel
Gompers, who served as president 1886-1895 and 1896-1924, provided conservative
leadership. Instead of trying to reshape the fundamental institutions of American life,
as some of the more radical union activists were trying to do, the AFL focused on
securing for its members higher wages, better working conditions, and a shorter
workweek.
Element: SSUSH12.c
Describe the growth of the western population and its impact on the Native
Americans with reference to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee.
Answer: Many settlers moved onto Native American lands, sometimes taking it by
force. Consequently, the Native Americans distrusted the whites. The U.S. Army
arrested Sitting Bull for spreading the Ghost Dance. They killed him when the people
rose to stop them. The massacre at Wounded Knee was the last time the Native
Americans on the Great Plains went against the government.
Element: SSUSH12.d
Describe the 1894 Pullman Strike as an example of industrial unrest.
Answer: The Pullman Strike began May 11, 1894 in Chicago. It was a conflict of
severe economic depression and social unrest. Pullman Palace Car Company factory
workers walked out after negotiations over declining wages failed. These workers
appealed for support to the American Railway Union (ARU), which argued
unsuccessfully for arbitration. On June 20, the ARU gave notice that beginning June
26 its membership would no longer work trains that included Pullman cars. The strike
compromised railroad traffic nationwide.
SSUSH13.c
Describe the rise of Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.
Jim Crow was not a person, yet affected the lives of millions of people. Named after a
popular 19th-century minstrel song, that stereotyped African Americans, "Jim Crow"
came to personify the system of government-sanctioned racial oppression and
segregation in the United States.
On June 7, 1892, 30-year-old Homer Plessy was jailed for sitting in the "White" car
of the East Louisiana Railroad. Plessy could easily pass for white but under Louisiana
law, he was considered black despite his light complexion and therefore required to
sit in the "Colored" car.
The NAACP (National Association for the Advancements of Colored People) was
created to help and stop oppression of the black people in the United States. It
emerged after people decided to band together in order to find ways to stop the “black
codes, and Jim Crow laws” in the US. It was kind of like the sons of liberty all over
again.
SSUSH13.d
Explain Ida Tarbell's role as a muckraker
One of the first women to break the gender gap in American journalism was a
determined woman who was diligent and scrupulous in her work, she was an
achieving woman who played an important role in the history of journalism during
the Progressive era.
Element: SSUSH13.e
Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, the recall, and
referendum direct election of senators, reform of labor laws and efforts to improve
living conditions for the poor
Answer: They attempted to exclude illiterates, African-Americans, and others from
voting, and to reduce immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe through devices
such as a literacy test. Many Progressives supported prohibition in order to destroy
the political power based in saloons. At the same time, woman’s suffrage was
promoted to bring a "purer" female vote into the arena. Initially the movement was
successful at local levels; later it progressed to state and national levels. Progressives
drew support from the middle class, and included many lawyers, teachers and
business people.
SSUSH14.a
Explain the Chinese exclusion act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on
the west coast.
Answer: The Chinese Exclusion Act was a significant restriction on free immigration
in U.S. history. The Act excluded Chinese "skilled and unskilled laborers and Chinese
employed in mining" from entering the country for ten years under penalty of
imprisonment and deportation.
SSUSH14.b
Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in the Philippines, and debate over
American expansionism.
Answer:
-The Spanish-American War (April-July 1898) was a brief, intense conflict that
effectively ended Spain's worldwide empire and gained the United States several new
possessions in the Caribbean and the Pacific. Preceded by a naval tragedy, the
destruction of USS Maine at Havana, Cuba, the Spanish-American War featured two
major naval battles, plus several smaller naval clashes.
-The Philippine–American War, sometimes known as the Philippine War of
Independence or the Philippine Insurrection (1899–1902), was an armed military
conflict between the Philippines and the United States, which arose from the struggle
of the First Philippine Republic against United States annexation of the islands. The
war was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence, following the
Philippine Revolution and the Spanish-American War.
-The Democratic views of Manifest Destiny and goes hand in hand with the aim of
annexation and expansion.
SSUSH14.c
Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by Roosevelt Corollary to
the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.
ANSWER: The change in policy was deemed necessary because of a desire to avoid
having European powers come to the Western Hemisphere for the purpose of
collecting debts. It was feared that those nations might come as earnest creditors, but
remain as occupying powers. This prospect was especially unwelcome at this time
when the United States was pushing to build the Panama Canal. Roosevelt felt that
the United States had a “moral mandate” to enforce proper behavior among the
nations of Latin America.
SSUSH15.a
Describe the
movement from U.S. neutrality to engagement in World War I with, reference to
unrestricted submarine warfare.
Answer: When Germany sunk our
merchant ships with supplies going to our Allies Britain and France.
SSUSH15.b
Explain
the domestic impact of World War I, reflected by the origins of the Great Migration,
and the Espionage Act and socialist Eugene Debs. Answer: World War I had a big
impact on America because after the war, African Americans started to migrate to the
North for more jobs. By then, the Great Depression was going on so it caused more
problems. While the men were overseas the women took over working in the factories
so jobs were taken.
SSUSH15.c
Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the propose League of Nations. ANS: In 1918,
Woodrow Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points to the U.S. Congress. This proposal
was expressed in a speech to maintain world peace. It was a plan designed to
eliminate causes of war in the world. The Fourteen Points contained open diplomacy,
freedom of seas, the beating down of economic barriers, and more. Under the
Fourteen Points, the League of Nations was formed. The League of Nations was to
resolve any unexpected future conflicts, preventing war from breaking out and
keeping world peace.
SSUSH15.d
Explain the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment, establishing Prohibition, and the
Nineteenth Amendment, Establishing women suffrage.
Answer: The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the
manufacture, sale, transport, import or export of alcoholic beverages. This became
known as prohibition. It was ratified on January 16, 1919. Along with the 18th
Amendment, the Volstead Act was created as well. The Volstead Act allowed the
Treasury Department to define what was legally considered am alcoholic beverage.
The19th Amendment, it gave women the right to vote. This amendment prohibits any
state and the government from denying a citizen the right to vote because of their sex.
It was ratified on August 18, 1920. Woodrow Wilson supported the amendment and
the next day the House of Representatives passed it. As for the Senate, they refused to
debate it until October, but in the end women’s suffrage.
SUSH16.a
Explain how rising communism and socialism in the United States led to the Red
Scare and immigrant restriction.
Answer: With the rise of communism in the Soviet Union, people began to get scared.
They got scared because, many immigrants were coming from Central and Eastern
Europe, so no one could know who was a communist or a radical. Also the
Authorities were finding bombs that were mailed to important officials.
Typo- no SUSH16.b
SUSH16.c
Identify Henry Ford, Mass production, and the automobile.
Henry Ford- the first to introduce to the world the motorized vehicle and soon make
his own automobile company
Mass Production- the production of goods in large numbers through the use of
machinery and assembly lines
Automobile- a motorized car, used to transport passengers from one place to another
SUSH16.d
Describe the impact of radio, and the movies.
The Radio let people listen to not only music, but to news, weather, lectures, sermons,
commercials, and people would listen to boxing matches. The Radio was a national
sensation.
The Movies gave people something to do each week or so. They started out as silent
films and were an ideal form of entertainment for immigrants who spoke little
English. Movies spoke directly to the desires, needs, fears, and fantasies of millions
of people in the United States and around the world.
SSUSH117.a
Describe the causes including over production, consumption, and stock market
speculation that led to the stock market crash of 1929 and Great Depression.
During World War I, American farmers increased harvest yields and bought more
land to meet demands caused by the war. Farmers contracted huge debts by doing
this. After the war, demands for American crops fell sharply. Often, farmers would
fail to sell huge crop surpluses and pay the money they owed banks and other
institutions.
The expansion of credit and the low income of factory workers caused Americans to
buy things they needed or just wanted with money they did not have. Among the
goods bought with credit were shares of stock.
SSUSH17.b
Explain the impact of the drought in the creation of the Dust Bowl.
The intensive farming methods brought on by the war caused farmers to move farther
into the plains and plow up most of the natural grasses. Without the grass to keep the
soil in place, winds kicked up dust storms of up to 8,000 feet. These dust storms
killed livestock and covered rivers, suffocating fish.
SUSH17.c
Explain the social and political impact of widespread unemployment that resulted in
developments such as Hoovervilles.
Answer: As more people became unemployed, many also became evicted from their
homes. Seeking new work, they moved to the outskirts of major towns and resided
with other sufferers in shantytowns. As things got worse, people began to seek help
from the government. When the government provided no relief, people blamed
President Hoover for the problem, and thus the shantytowns were nicknamed
“Hoovervilles.”
SSUSH18.a
Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a works program and as
an effort to control the environment.
Answer: The Tennessee Valley Authority was a part of the government created by
President Roosevelt to help protect and conserve the parts of the environment that
were being affected by human waste. The TVA worked in all parts of the
environment, understanding that each part of the environment that they worked on
would in turn affect the rest of the “system.”
SSUSH18.b
Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism.
The Wagner Act of 1935 created a system to arbitrate disputes between unions and
employers. It prohibited employers from interfering with union activities and it also
gave works the right to join unions and bargain collectively.
The rise of industrial unionism evolved labor unions organizing method through
which all workers in the same industry are organized into the same union – regardless
of skill or trade – thus giving workers in one industry, or in all industries, more
leverage in bargaining or strike situations.
SSUSH18.c
Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as a part of the second New Deal.
The Social Security Act was established during President Roosevelt first term, and
passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The act was an attempt to limit what
were seen as dangers in the modern American life, including old age, poverty,
unemployment, and the burdens of widows and fatherless children.
SSUSH18.d
Identify Eleanor Roosevelt as a symbol of social progress and women’s activism.
Answer: Eleanor Roosevelt was very influential. She supported women’s activism
and convinced her husband (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) to give more women
government jobs and positions. She also played a role in the civil rights movement
and traveled to different states to try and witness what African Americans were going
through. She joined the NAACP because she believed that everyone should have
equal rights and she fought to try and make that happen.
SSUSH18.e
Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and international leadership;
include the role of Huey Long, the “court packing bill,” and the Neutrality Act.
Answer: Roosevelt faced many challenges to his domestic and International
leadership. He was being told by the liberals that he hadn’t gone far enough to
socialize our economy, while the conservatives believed he had made the federal
government too powerful and large. Huey Long, the Louisiana state senator wanted to
replace Roosevelt as president, Long was at first a supporter of the New Deal.
Congress passed the Neutrality Acts to prevent Roosevelt from entering America into
WW2. In 1937 Roosevelt proposed a bill called the Court Packing Bill, to give
president the power to appoint an extra Supreme Court justice over the age of 70
years old. He was hoping this bill would add more powers to support his New Deal.
SSUSH19.a
Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on Washington, D.C. and President
Franklin D. Roosevelt's response.
Answer: The march on Washington Movement was organized by Asa Philip
Randolph in 1941 and was formed as a tool to organize a mass march on Washington,
D.C.; it was designed to pressure the US government into desegregating the armed
forces and providing fair employment opportunities for African Americans.
Roosevelt’s response was the formation and signing of the “Fair Employment
Practices Committee.” Its purpose was to prohibit racial discrimination in the
national defense industry. It was the first federal action that promoted equal
opportunity and prohibited employment discrimination in the United States.
SSUSH19.b
Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the internment of JapaneseAmericans.
Answer:
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military attack on the US Naval Base in
Hawaii in the early morning of Dec 7th, 1941. The attack was intended as a
preventive action in order to keep the US pacific Fleet from influencing the war the
Japanese were planning in Southeast Asia, against Britain and the Netherlands, as
well as US in the Philippines. Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese
Americans leaders were rounded up and brought to high security camps. Later
thousands of Japanese American, including U.S. citizens, were forced from their
homes and relocated to interment camps. In 1942 approximately 110,000 Japanese
Americans were introduced to these camps.
SSUSH19.c
Explain
major events including the lend-lease program, the Battle of Midway, D-Day, and the
fall of Berlin.
Answer:
lend-lease- program- Lend-Lease was the program outlined by the Neutrality Acts
allowed the United States to provide Allied Nations defense supplies without actually
going to war with the Axis Powers.
The Battle of Midway- the Battle of Midway, fought over and near the tiny U.S. midPacific base at Midway atoll, represents the strategic high water mark of Japan's
Pacific Ocean war.
D-Day- June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of
heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of
Normandy, France to defeat Hitler.
Fall of Berlin- On April 16-17, the Soviets struck in a quick and furious way. As the
Americans and British forces were rapidly advancing from the west, German's
immensely outnumbered army fought desperately to beat back the rapidly
approaching Soviet Army. It took the Red army six days to smash their way to the
outskirts of Berlin. In three days, on April 25, a band of Soviet soldiers cut off the
German capital from the rest of Nazi-controlled Germany.
SSUSH19.d
Describe war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, war-time conversation, and the
role of women in the war industries
Answer:
War mobilization- the rationing of local items such as rubber, nylons, cans, sugar, ect.
, for the war effort.
War-time conversion- all the items had to be converted into war supplies.
Role of women- took over the jobs of all the men who went to fight in the war.
SSUSH19.e
Describe Los Alamos and the scientific, economic, and military implications of
developing the atomic bomb.
Answer: Los Alamos is a United States Department of Energy (DOE) national
laboratory, The laboratory is one of the largest science and technology institutions
in the world that conducts multidisciplinary research for fields such as national
security, outer space, renewable energy, medicine, nanotechnology, and
supercomputing. To develop an atomic bomb, it would involve billions of dollars in
research and materials. The atomic bomb was significant in regards to the military
because it made the U.S. very powerful and superior above other countries. Other
countries wouldn’t want to conflict with the U.S. in fear of an atomic bomb attack.
SSUSH20.a
Describe the creation of the Marshall Plan.
Answer: In June 1947, the American general George Marshall went to Europe.
Marshal said every country in Europe was so poor that it was in, “danger of turning
Communist!” Also Europe was ‘a breeding ground of hate’. To commit to Europe, He
said that America should give $17 billion of aid to get Europe’s economy going and
stop Communism. The Truman Doctrine was the Cold War strategy of containment
versus the Soviet Union and the expansion of communism. The containment policy
was supposed to stop the rise of communism.
SSUSH20.b
Explain the impact of the new communist regime in China, the outbreak of the
Korean War, and how these events contributed to the rise of Senator Joseph
McCarthy.
Answer: Mao Zedong wanted the Chinese population to achieve an “ideal society”
essentially derived from Marxism. To execute his plan, he believed that violence was
necessary and a Civil War began between the Chinese Communist Party and the
Nationalists, resulting in the Communist party gaining power and the mass murdering
of tens of millions of people. Civilian casualties of the Korean War that were either
dead, wounded, or missing- totaled between three or four million during the three
years of war. Americans saw the wars overseas as a frightening warning to the states.
By exposing these events, Senator McCarthy got Americans to be emotionally
involved and supportive of his anti-communism campaign.
SSUSH20.c
Describe the Cuban Revolution, the Bay of Pigs, and the Cuban missile crisis.
Answer: The Cuban Revolution can be described as a revolt led by Fidel Castro to
overthrow the dictator of Cuba, Fulgencio Batista, on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of
July Movement. The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful attempt by the United
states-backed Cuban exiles to overthrow the government of the Cuban dictator Fidel
Castro. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world ever came to a nuclear
was. American armed forces were at their highest state of readiness ever and Soviet
field commanders in Cuba were prepared to use battlefield nuclear weapons to defend
Cuba if it was invaded. However, President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita
Khrushchev were able to avert the war.
SSUSH20.d
Describe the Vietnam War, the Tet offensive, and growing opposition to the war.
Answer: The Vietnam War was the longest military battle in the history of the United
States. It lasted from 1954 to April 30, 1975. It was fought between the communist
North Vietnam and the US supported South Vietnam. Over 1.4 million military
personnel and an estimated 2 million civilians were killed in the war. The war ended
with the defeat of South Vietnam. Ultimately Vietnam was unified.
The Tet Offensive was a series of battles in the Vietnam War. On Jan. 31, 1968, the
Vietnamese Communists launched a major offensive throughout South Vietnam. It
took weeks for U.S. and South Vietnamese troops to retake all of the captured cities,
including the former imperial capital of Hue. Although the offensive was not
militarily successful for the Vietnamese Communists, it was a political and
psychological victory for them. It contradicted claims by the U.S. government that the
war had already been won.
Demonstrations, marches, and acts of civil disobedience in protest to US involvement
in the Vietnam War (1954–75), were beginning around 1965. Anti-war sentiment
arose from the question of the morality of participation in what many regarded as a
civil war; the growing human and environmental costs; and doubts that the US war
effort would succeed.
SSUSH21.a
Describe the baby boom and the impact as shown by Levitton and the Interstate
Highway Act.
Levittown, Long Island became known as "Fertility Valley" because many of the
returning servicemen weren't just buying their first home, they were starting their
family and having children in such significant numbers that the generation of new
babies became known as the "Baby Boom."
In the U.S., the baby boom was an increase in the birth rate between 1946 and 1964.
The hardships of the Great Depression and World War II led many unmarried couples
to delay marriage and many married couples to delay having children. The war's end,
followed by a period of economic prosperity (the 1950s and early 1960s), brought a
surge in population.
The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate
and Defense Highways Act was enacted on June 29, 1956, when Dwight D.
Eisenhower signed the bill into law. Appropriating $25 billion for the construction of
41,000 miles (66,000 km) of Interstate Highways over a 20-year period. This was
necessary because of the increase of people driving automobiles.
SSUHSH21.b
Describe the impact television has had on American culture, including the
presidential debates (Kennedy/Nixon, 1960), news coverage of the Civil Rights
movement.
Television made its impact on Americans in the fifties and led to be the dominant
mass media. From the fifties and on TV was watched in home around America at
increasing lengths threw the fifties a trend that has still not stopped. The invention of
TV gave presidents yet another tool to use to win the elections. The TV led and end to
all radio debates for presidents. The TV rarely helps a president win an election but
brings new ideas to the American people, deflect attacks from there opponents, and
exploit opponents weakness. With the help of TV civil rights leaders were able to
exploit the violence of segregation.
SSUHS21.c
Analyze the impact of technology on American life including the development of the
personal computer and the cellular phone.
Some of the technologies that have impacted our society is the car, planes, medicines,
and of course the computer and cell phones. With the advancements in cars and the
invention of the airplanes we can now travel what would take hours to minutes and
days to hours. With cars and planes it has made people who couldn't afford to travel
outside their homes the ability to travel. With the advancements in medicines we can
cure anything from a runny nose and cough to cancers and to spinal injuries. Modern
medicine technologies now make it possible to use robotics and cameras so a doctor
and patients are not in the same room and he can still treat something life
threatening. Computers have brought information to our finger tips. We can also use
webcams to see and talk to people in other country. We can send info via email and
personal networks like Facebook and Myspace. With the invention of the cell phone
we can now communicate on the go. It also now allows us to access the internet like a
computer. With the invention of the cell phone we no longer have to go next door to
use a phone and dialing a number can be as simple as pushing one button.
SSUSH21.d
Describe the impact of competition with the USSR as evidenced by the launch of
Sputnik I and President Eisenhower’s actions?
Answer: The Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 inspired the
United States to work toward placing a manned spacecraft in orbit.
SSUSH22.a
Explain the importance of President Truman’s order to integrate the U.S. military and
the federal government?
Answer: In July 1948, President Truman issued Executive Order 9981, declaring that
all that served in the armed services should receive equal treatment and opportunityhe order desegregation or separation of ethnic or racial groups of military facilities as
soon as possible. Desegregation was slow in the 1940’s and by 1951; most of the
units in Korea were integrated.
SSUSH22.b
Identify Jackie Robinson and the integration of baseball.
Answer: Jackie was born in Cairo, GA in 1919. He was the first baseball player to
break Major League Baseball’s color barrier that segregated the sport for more than
50 years.
SSUSH22.c
Explain Brown v. Board of Education and the efforts to resist the decision.
Answer: Segregation of white and Negro children in the public schools of a State
denies to Negro children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the
Fourteenth Amendment.
SSUSH22.d
Describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Letter from a Birmingham Jail
and his I have a dream speech.
Answer: Letter from a Birmingham Jail- King wrote this letter from the city jail in
Birmingham, Alabama. He was confined after being arrested for his part in a planned
non-violent protest against racial segregation. King's letter is a response to a
statement made by eight white Alabama clergymen. King defended the apparent
impatience of people in the civil rights movement. He upheld the general use of
nonviolent civil disobedience against laws, saying that human rights must take
precedence over such laws.
I have a dream speech- This speech is a very important and popular speech that
Martin Luther King Jr. has given. The reason why it was so significant was because
MLK Jr. stood up for not only his rights, but everyone around him. It brought greater
attention to the Civil Rights Movement. This speech went Nationwide and it was
popular in magazines, newspapers, etc. He called it for racial equality and to put an
end to discrimination. It was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights
Movement.
SSUSH22.e
Describe the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting
Rights Act of 1965.
Answer: Civil Rights Act of 1964- (Cause) The bill was introduced by John F.
Kennedy. It was intended to put an end to discrimination based on race, color,
religion or national origin. It came to President John F. Kennedy’s attention that 57%
of African American housing came to be unacceptable. African American life
expectancy was 7 years less than whites and the African American infant mortality
was twice as great as whites. African Americans found it all but impossible to get
mortgages from mortgage lenders. Kennedy made it clear to the world that he would
find a way to help the African Americans.
(Consequences) Ironically, the African American community was most vocal in
criticizing the act. There were riots by African Americans in north-eastern cities
because the act did not go far enough. Lyndon Johnson was dismayed at this lack of
public support among the African American community.
Voting Rights Act of 1965- (Cause) The bill was to ensure that African Americans
had the right to vote. It was based on the Fifteenth Amendment and restated the
prohibitions that African American’s should have the right to vote. President Lyndon
B. Johnson introduced the VRA because people were trying to make various legal
strategies to prevent blacks and other minorities from voting.
(Consequences) The 1965 SCLC march to Selma, Alabama, was designed to create a
scenario that would force the federal government to pass a more aggressive voting
rights bill. The harsh reaction of Selma sheriffs to the protesters, and the murder of
several of them; carried around the world by television, it caused a dramatic reaction
to the indiscriminate use of police dogs, fire hoses, and excessive force and violence
against the nonviolent civil rights protesters.
SSUSH23.a
Describe the Warren Court and the expansion of individual rights as seen in the
Miranda decision.
Answer: Chief Justice Earl Warren of the Supreme Court ruled on the decision of an
individual’s rights as seen by the Miranda decision.
Element: SSUSH23.b
Describe the political impact of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy
including the impact on Civil Rights legislation.
Answer: JFK’s assassination devastated the society and led to the murder of the man
who assassinated JFK, Lee Harvey Oswald, before he could be tried for what he did.
Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as President not even 3 hours after JFK’s death. The
Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed 2 years after Kennedy was assassinated, which is
what Kennedy was trying to do for a while.
SSUSH23.c
Explain Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society including the establishment of Medicare.
Answer: As the 36th President of the United States Lyndon Johnson formed the Great
Society program that was proposed in the United States. The main goal was the
elimination of poverty and racial justice. It also expressed the situations between
education, medical care, and transportation. The Great Society also went through a
mid-crisis when racial segregation persisted throughout the south. In 1965 they
authorized the Medicare Act; it provided federal funding for many of the medical cost
for older Americans. It gave benefits for those over the ages of 65.
SSUSH23.d
Describe the social and political turmoil of 1968 to include the assassination of
Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F Kennedy, and the events surrounding the
Democratic National Convention.
Answer: There were two political assassinations in 1968. First was the assassination
of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968 April 4. Then two month later the assassination of
Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy occurred.
During the Democratic National Convention many events occurred. The Democratic
National Convention was held on August 26-29th, and was brought about by police of
the Vietnam War. It started many riots including a protest march on March 23 in
Illinois. Other events proceeded to the tense national mood which a little time after
the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. an artist and cultural icon was shot. Then
it also caused Columbia University to shut down by Student Protesters.
SUSH24.a
Compare and Contrast the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) tactics, including sit-ins,
freedom rides, and changing composition.
Answer: The student non-violent coordinating committee (SNCC) and the southern
Christian leadership conference (SCLC) are both black non-violent protesters. They
both won’t to get rid of separatism completely.
SNCC was student protesters that went to lunch halls at colleges and would not leave
(sit-ins).
SCLC was lead by the church leaders and was followed by the community and had
boycotts (Montgomery bus boycotts) and other non- violent protest.
SSUSH24.b
Describe the National Organization of Women and the origins and goals of the
modern women’s movement.
Answer: The National Organization for Women (NOW) is the largest feminist
organization in the United States. It was founded in 1966 and has a membership of
500,000 contributing members and 5,987 chapters in 47 U.S. states (exceptions are
Hawaii, North Dakota, and Maine) and the District of Columbia. NOW was founded
on June 30, 1966, in Washington, D.C., by 28 women and men
attending the Third National Conference of the Commission on the Status of Women.
NOW's priority issues concern U.S. domestic policy. The six core issues that NOW
addresses are abortion rights/reproductive issues, violence against women,
constitutional equality, promoting diversity/ending racism, lesbian rights, and
economic justice. According to NOW's bylaws, NOW's focus is on domestic
American issues; however, NOW does some work on other issues of importance to
women and children globally. These issues include genocide in Africa. NOW is also a
coalition member with other feminist groups whose mission is global feminism.
SSUSH24.c
Analyze the anti-Vietnam war movement.
Answer: The anti-Vietnam war movement was a movement vs. the war in Vietnam.
The movement wasn’t really backed up by the government and was usually
influenced by the US in other countries. One of the most famous incidents was
Muhammad Ali’s refusal to join the army during that time of war.
SSUSH24.d
Analyze Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers movement.
Answer: a: Cesar Chavez was an immigrant worker that worked on the farms in
California. He protested to gain rights for the framers working on the fields without
benefits.
b. The UFW movement was a movement started by Chavez in order to successfully
help his friends and co-workers to gain some benefits and rights as they we’re treated
unfairly.
SSUSH24.e
Explain Rachel Carson and Silent Spring, Earth Day, the creation of the EPA, and the
modern environmentalist movement.
Answer: Rachel Carson was born in 1907; she was a scientist, ecologist, and a writer.
In 1963 she testified before Congress trying to protect human health and the
environment.
Silent Spring was a book written by Rachel Carson about how uncontrolled pesticide
use was harming and even killing animals and people. The meaning behind the title
was that a spring season was quiet because there were no birds singing as a result of
pesticide use.
Earth Day is a day meant to broaden the meaning of “environment,” help bring clean
water and sanitation to the world, and promote local engagement. Earth Day was
founded by a peace activist, John McConnell, in 1969. The first Earth Day was on
April 22, 1970.
The creation on the EPA was created on December 2, 1970. It was viewed at the
proclamation of a new era in the efforts to protect the environment. The EPA
administers federal environmental laws dealing with air and water pollution, drinking
water quality, radioactive wastes, pesticides, solid wastes, and noise pollution.
The modern environmental movement was passed in 1961 and pledged $50 million
over the next decade. It focused more on environmental planning, land acquisition,
and easements along state highways to insure scenic values.
SSUSH24.f
Describe the rise of the conservative movement as seen in the presidential candidacy
of Barry Goldwater (1964) and the election of Richard M. Nixon (1968).
Answer: The rise of the conservative movement arose in the 1920s. It was the belief
that traditional institutions work best and that society should avoid radical change.
Barry Goldwater was known as “Mr. Conservative.” He brought the concepts of small
government, free enterprise and a strong national defense into national public debate.
In 1960 Richard M. Nixon was nominated for President, but lost against John F.
Kennedy. He was nominated again by his party in 1968 and went to defeat Hubert H.
Humphrey. While President his first goal was reconciliation, he also improved
relations with U.S.S.R and China. Nixon appointed Justices of conservative
philosophy to the Supreme Court.
SSUSH25.a
Describe President Richard M. Nixon's opening of China, his resignation due to the
Watergate scandal, changing attitudes toward government, and the Presidency of
Gerald Ford.
Answer: Between Feb. 21 and Feb. 28 1972 Pres. Nixon visited the People Republic
of China. It was the first time that a president had gone to china. The purpose of his
visited was to mitigate the tension between Taiwan and China. It was then recognized
that there is only one China, but U.S. kept official relations in Taiwan until1979
broke relations with China and established full diplomatic relations. Nixon later
resigned as President of the United States for fear of being removed from office due
to his involvement in the Watergate Scandal. This political scandal was the breaking
into of the Democratic National Committee headquarters, which the actual purpose
has yet to be established. The resignation and the scandal led to many government
conspirators along with their theories and also s shady feeling of our government that
still in America to this date. When the President resigns the Vice President assumes
responsibility as the new President, and when Nixon resigned Gerald Ford became
president. Gerald ford was the first person to ever become president who was neither
elected President nor Vice President due to him being appointed by Nixon through
the 25th amendment.
SSUSH25.b
Explain
the impact of Supreme Court decisions on ideas about civil liberties and civil rights
including such decisions as Roe v. Wade (1973 and the Bakke decision on affirmative
action.
Answer: In the Roe v.
Wade case the court decided that a woman’s right to abortion is part of the
constitutional right to privacy.
In the
Bakke decision of affirmative action it made it not ok to discriminate against
minorities at colleges.
SSUSH25.c
Explain the Carter administrations efforts in the Middle East including the Camp
David Accords, his response to the 1979 Iranian Revolution and Iranian hostage crisis
Answer: Carter helped negotiate a historic peace agreement between Israel and Egypt,
but he failed because, Iranian Radicals held Americans hostage. He allowed the Shah
to enter the U.S. to seek medical treatment. The Camp David Accords agreements
provided the framework for a peace treaty in which Egypt formally recognized the
nation of Israel, becoming the first Arab nation to do so.
SSUSH25.d
Describe domestic and international events of Ronald Reagan's presidency including
Reaganomics, the Iran-contra scandal and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Answer: Reaganomics was the economic program name after Ronald Regan
Reaganomics is based on “supply-side economics." Significant tax cuts can lead to
greater economic activity, since people have more money to spend and invest, which
in turn can lead to greater tax revenues for the government.
Iran Contra Scandal began in 1985, when President Reagan’s administration
supplied weapons to Iran, a sworn enemy, in hopes of securing the release of
American hostages held in Lebanon. November 1986 Reagan appeared on national
television and stated that the weapons transfers had indeed occurred, but that the
United States did not trade arms for hostages.
Reagan publicly portrayed the USSR as an "evil empire" and supported antiCommunist movements worldwide. Reagan manipulated the USSR economic system
through sabotage and other negative activities towards USSR state and its economy
creating cracks which resulted into USSR breaking apart.
SSUSH25.e
The relationship between Congress and President Bill Clinton including the North
American Free Trade Agreement and his impeachment and acquittal.
Answer: The people do not like Clinton because of his deceptive stories toward
Congress.
Trade pact signed by Canada, the U.S., and Mexico in 1992, which took effect in
1994. Inspired by the success of the European Community in reducing trade barriers
among its members, NAFTA created the world's largest free-trade area. It basically
extended to Mexico the provisions of a 1988 Canada-U.S. free-trade agreement,
calling for elimination of all trade barriers over a 15-year period, granting U.S. and
Canadian companies access to certain Mexican markets, and incorporating
agreements on lab our and the environment.
President of the United States Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of
Representatives on December 19, 1998, and acquitted by the Senate on February 12,
1999. The charges, perjury and obstruction of justice, arose from the Monica
Lewinsky scandal and the Paula Jones law suit. The trial proceedings were largely
party-line, with no Democratic Senators voting for conviction and only five
Democratic Representatives voting to impeach.
SSUSH25.f
Analyze the 2000 presidential election and its outcome emphasizing the role of the
Electoral College.
Answer: The
Electoral College is the body of electors who formally elect the United States
president and vice president. In the 2000 presidential election with candidates George
W. Bush and Albert Gore Jr., Gore received more votes from the population.
Although this may be the case, George W. Bush gained more electoral votes deeming
him to become president.
SSUSH25.g
Analyze the response of the President George W. Bush to the attacks of September
11, 2001 on the United States, the war against terrorism, and the subsequent
American interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Answer:
-The response to the attack was to protect the citizens of the United States and around
the world, then find who is responsible for the terrorist acts.
-The war against terrorism was when Bush unofficially declared war on 9/11, but 3
days later Congress officially declared war.
-The United States invaded Afghanistan and Iraq and found out that Afghanistan was
responsible for harboring terrorists. This being said, the U.S. went to find Al Qaeda.
-The US thought assumed Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.