Download Second Semester Final Exam Study Guide People and Terms State

Second Semester Final Exam Study Guide
People and Terms
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State Rights
Judicial ReviewSecessionLouisiana PurchaseJames MonroeIndian TerritoryEli WhitneyMass ProductionNativistsAbolitionFrederick DouglassSeneca Falls ConventionBrigham YoungThe AlamoSam HoustonPopular SovereigntyDred Scott DecisionBattle of Antietam-the bloodiest single day battle in U.S. history
Pickett’s Charge-event in which 15,000 Confederates went up Cemetery Ridge at Gettysburg
Freedmen’s Bureau- federal agency established to provide relief for all poor people in the south
Jim Crow Laws-laws that enforced segregation
Andrew Johnson-Vice-President under Abraham Lincoln who was sworn in as president after
Lincoln’s assassination
Chapter 9
23. What major battle occurred two weeks after the U.S. and Great Britain signed a peace treaty?
Battle of New Orleans
24. Who was sent to explore the Missouri River area to establish peaceful relations with American
Indians? Meriwether Lewis and Wm. Clark
25. Who was the Supreme Court Justice whose ruling established the principle of Judicial Review?
John Marshall
26. What impact did Marbury V. Madison have on the Supreme Court? Judicial Review
27. Who were the War Hawks? Members of Congress who wanted to declare war against Britain in
the early 1800s
Chapter 10
28. What is the concept of nullification? To nullify or cancel out/an action by a state that cancels a
federal law to which the state objects
29. Who often represented the concerns of the slave states and was very popular with the common
people? Andrew Jackson
30. How did Georgia respond to the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia? The Cherokee
Nation was a distinct territory over which only the federal government had authority; ignored by
President Jackson and the state of Georgia
31. What did the Monroe Doctrine state? It forbids further colonization in the Americas and
declaring that the US would view any attempt by a foreign country to colonize the region as a
hostile act.
Chapter 11
32. Describe the impact of the Cotton Gin. Immediate impact , created a cotton boom and made
the institution of slavery stronger
33. What did the Missouri Compromise state? Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state and
Maine would enter as a free state; outlawed slavery in any territories or states north of the 36’
30’ line.
34. Why did Nat Turner begin a slave revolt? He believed God had called him to end slavery
35. What was the platform of the Know-Nothing Party? Political Organization founded in 1849 by
Nativists who supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and hold
office
Chapter 12
36. What was the function of the Underground Railroad? A network of people arranged
transportation and hiding places for fugitives or escaped slaves to help them escape to the
North
37. Who was William Lloyd Garrison and what was The Liberator? He was an abolitionist and
Quaker who strongly opposed the use of violence to end slavery but favored political rights for
all African Americans; he created an abolitionist newspaper called The Liberator which became
the leading antislavery publication ending only when slavery itself had ended
Chapter 13
38. After what battle was Santa Anna forced to leave Mexico City this ending the Mexican American
War? The Battle of Chapultpec
39. What did the term manifest destiny mean? A belief that was shared by many Americans that
the US should expand across the continent to the Pacific Ocean
Chapter 14
40. Why was John Brown’s raid at Harper Ferry unsuccessful? Because enslaved African Americans
wouldn’t join him
41. What does the term sectionalism mean? A devotion to the interests of one geographic region
rather than those of the country as a whole
42. Who was elected president of the Confederate States of America? Jefferson Davis
43. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and what was it about? Harriet Beecher Stowe , it was an account
of the life of an enslaved man, and the abuses that he endured in which he eventually dies from
44. Who was the Union Commander that refused to leave Fort Sumter? General Robert Anderson
Chapter 15
45. What event triggered the Battle of Gettysburg? Union soldiers firing on a Confederate Raiding
party in search of shoes
46. Why did Union leaders want control over the Mississippi River? To cut the Confederates off from
supplies
47. Describe the total war strategy used by Sherman? An army that destroys its opponent’s ability
to fight by targeting civilian and economic as well as military resources (total war)
48. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? Freed slaves in the Confederate states
49. Who first introduced iron clad ships and why? Confederates because the North controlled the
sea and blocked the South cutting off trade and hurting their economy
50. What was the 54th Massachusetts Infantry? African American Civil War regiment that played a
key role in the attack on Ft. Wagner in South Carolina
Chapter 16
51. Northern Republicans that wanted to move to the south were often called what? Carpetbaggers
52. What made slavery illegal throughout the United States? 13th Amendment
53. What was the definition of Reconstruction? A period following the Civil War during which the US
government worked to unite the nation and to rebuild the Southern States
54. What is the definition of segregation? The separation of African Americans and Whites/enforced
separation of races (Ex: “Whites only section” in restaurants)
Chapter Epilogue
55. Why did skilled workers form trade unions? Working conditions were harsh and dangerous, and
many workers were immigrants, women, and children who labored for long hours for low pay;
So workers began to organize for better conditions and to shorten work hours and end child
labor.
56. What is the purpose of a strike? To gain better pay