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Unit 7 A. Talking about education: INTRODUCTION a. How do you feel about learning now? Answer the following questions for Yourself and then ask at least two other people what their answers are. Talk about the differences in your answers. 1. Is English the only subject you are learning now? yes no What other subject(s) are you learning? ______________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. Is this your first experience in learning a foreign language? yes no Where and what did you learn before? _______________________ ________________________________________________________________ 3. Why are you learning English? (you can choose more than one here, if you want.) because I want to because I have to for my work to take an examination for my studies for my holidays because I like it because there’s an English -speaker in my family or who is a friend to understand books, films or songs better other (what?) _________________ 4. Is there anything else you’d like to learn? (e.g. a language, a hobby or skill) yes What would you like to learn? __________________________________ no (Source: Ramsey, Gaynor. Plenty to say Essex: Longman, 1989, p. 40.) b. Look at the list of the Faculties and majors in Maejo University Chiangmai Campus. Put all the majors into groups of the Faculties listed. The Faculty Agricultural Business _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Agricultural Production _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Science _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ Engineering and Agro-Industry _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ The majors General Management Economics Plant Science Fisheries Biotechnology Food Technology Post harvest Technology Statistics Accounting Ecotourism Agricultural Economics Tourism Development Business Information Technology Marketing Cooperative Economics Environmental Economics Soil Science Ag. Tech. Landscape Technology Animal Science Plant Science Agricultural Extension Agriculture Agricultural Engineering Food Science and Technology Mathematics Information Technology Computer Science Chemistry Model Dialog: Track 78 c. Study the dialog below. Jim and Jane are talking about their education background. Jim: Hi Jane, how are you? It’s very nice to see you again. Jane: Hi Jim, I’m fine. I’m so glad to meet you here. How’s your studying coming along? Where are you studying at? Jim: I’m studying at Maejo University, Chiang Mai. Jane: What faculty are you in? Jim: I’m in the faculty of Science. Jane: What’s your major? Jim: My major is Biotechnology. Jane: What year are you in? Jim: I’m a freshman. Jane: How do you like your school? Jim: It’s very enjoyable. Jane: What subject do you like most? Jim: English for Conversation. I am a student and I study at Maejo University in Chiang Mai. I’m a freshman majoring in English. I have taken many courses at the university. My favorite subject is English. I’m also interested in Communication Arts. I can speak, Thai, Japanese and Chinese. After graduating, I want to be a tour guide. I think it’s an interesting and well paid job. Track 79 Language focus 1. Tenses: Present Simple, Present Continuous and Present Perfect. Let’s take a look at the chart below showing the differences between Present Simple, Present Continuous and Present Perfect. Present Simple Present Continuous We use the Present Simple for things that are true at any time. We use it for general truth, or a fact: Things fall to the ground because of gravity. Ann doesn’t play the violin very well, but she plays the piano beautifully. We use the Present Continuous to say that an action is in progress now, at the time we speak: Look! The leaves are falling from the trees. Listen! Ann’s playing the piano; she’s playing something by Beethoven. We use the Present Simple when we talk about a permanent situation, or an activity that is repeated again and again. We think that it will continue for an unlimited time: What does Fred do? – Fred’s a journalist; he writes for a geographical magazine. I work for a company that makes computers. We sell them all over the world. Mary usually studies in the library. I stay with friends when I go on business trips to Japan. We use the Present Simple with words like always, usually, often etc. when we talk about how often we do something: Mary sometimes studies at home, but she usually works in the library. We use the Present Continuous to describe a current activity or situation that is unusual or temporary. We know it will continue for a limited period of time from now: Fred is writing four articles about Africa. He did two yesterday. He’ll do the rest tomorrow. I don’t usually work at the weekends, but I’m working on Saturdays at the moment. Mary’s studying at home. The library is shut. Sue and Martin are staying in a friend’s flat until they find a flat of their own. We can use the Present Continuous with always to say that something happens too often: Tom is always asking stupid questions. They’re always complaining. Present Perfect 1. We make the Present Perfect with have or has and a past participle (e.g. walked, taken): I/you/we/they He/she/it 4. have/’ve started. has/’s started. We make negatives, questions, and short Answers with have or has: You haven’t started. Diana hasn’t started. Have you started? – Yes, I have. Has Diana started? – No, she hasn’t. 2. With regular verbs, we add –ed to form the past participle (e.g. walked, started). But there are many verbs with irregular Past participles (e.g. taken, chosen, sold, slept). 3. We use the Present Perfect to talk about events in past time, but not about when they happened: Somebody has taken my bag. (Not” Somebody has taken it yesterday”.) I have read her latest novel. We use the Present Perfect in this way when the past event is relevant now: Somebody has taken my bag. I can’t find it. I’ve been to the dentist. My tooth doesn’t hurt now. 5. We use the Present Perfect to talk about situations or actions during a period that started in the past, and has continued up to the present (e.g. today, this month, this year, for three weeks, since last year): We’ve lived here for six years. (=from six years ago until now) I’ve worked at CGE since 1992. (= from 1992 until now) Jane has phoned me three times this week. We haven’t saved much money this year. Have you seen Neil (today)? We can use Present Perfect with ever, never, already, and yet, like this: Have you ever been inside a submarine? I’ve never eaten horse meat. Chris has already sent her a present. They haven’t finished their game yet. Note that we put ever, never and already before the past participle, and yet at the end of the sentence. (Source: Coe, Norman. Grammar Spectrum 3 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.p. 10, 20). 2. Relative Clause Relative clauses are dependent clauses that begin with words such as who, that and which that refer to people or things preceding them. They are also called adjective clauses because they act like adjectives. That is, they modify nouns. Study this example: The man who sits in front of me is very friendly. Relative clause A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing ( or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means: The man who sits in front of me… (who sits in front of me tells us which man). -When we are talking about people, we use who in a relative clause instead of he, she, they, and you. The man – he sits in front of me – is very friendly. The man who sits in front of me is very friendly. -When we are talking about people, we use that (not who) in a relative clause. We use that instead of it and they, them. The dogs – they are beaten – are mine. The dogs that are beaten are mine. -We can also use which for things (not for people). The dogs – they are beaten – are mine. The dogs which are beaten are mine. 3. Participles in Reduced Relative Clauses. Relative clauses may be reduced to participial phrases if the pronoun functions as the subject of the clause. Use the present participial phrase(Ving) when the original relative clause is in the active form and use the past participial phrase (V3) when the original relative clause is in the passive form. Active (Ving) Passive (V3) 1. Anyone who looks for a beautiful and peaceful place should visit Tao island. 1. Products which are made from snake skin are not available for sale anymore. Anyone looking for a beautiful and peaceful place should visit Tao island. Products made from snake skin are not available for sale anymore. 2. Tom is a student who majors in English. Tom is a student majoring in English. 2. There are many majors available for students who are interested in studying at Maejo University Chiangmai. There are many majors available for students interested in studying at Maejo University Chiangmai. 3. Participles in Reduced Adverbial Clauses. Some adverbial clauses (mostly adverbial clauses of time and reason) can be reduced to participial phrases if the subjects of both clauses are the same. Use the present participle phrase (Ving) if the original adverb clause is in the active form and use the past participle phrase (V3) if the original adverbial clause is in the passive form. Active (Ving) 1. When the firemen arrived at the scene, they immediately extended the ladder to the third floor. Arriving at the scene, they immediately extended the ladder to the third floor. 2. While I was lying on the lawn, I saw a strange object in the sky. Lying on the lawn, I saw a strange object in the sky. Passive (V3) 1. Because she was shocked by the news, she suddenly fainted. Shocked by the news, she suddenly fainted. 2. When the girl was left alone in the room, she began to think of her mother. Left alone in the room, she began to think of her mother. Besides, the connectors when, while, after and before can also be retained in participial phrases. -When arriving at the scene, the firemen immediately extended the ladder to the third floor. -After graduating, I became a doctor. -We stayed at the hotel for three days before returning to our house. Exercises: Exercise 1 Fill in each blank with an appropriate tense form. Every third weekend of November, there (be) ______ a wonderful spectacular elephant show which (hold) ___________ since 1960 by the Tourism Authority of Thailand and the province’s local government. This show (attract) ___________ visitors from all over the world and it (become) __________ a great favorite with tourists. The show (start) _______ with many clever elephants parading. Then, they (fight) _________ against men. But the most attractive part of the show is “the elephant’s round-up” in which mahouts sitting on the tame elephants (steer)________ to a wild one and (throw) __________ lasso to catch its back leg. Then, the wild elephant (rope tightly) ___________ and the show (finish) ________. (Source: Thungsuk, Boonjira. Structure and Writing in English. Bangkok, Thammasat University Press, 1996, p. 59). Exercise 2 The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Choose the most appropriate ending from the list and make it into a relative clause. He invented the telephone. She runs away from home. They are never on time. They stole my car. They used to hang out on that wall. It makes typewriters. It gives you the meaning of words. It won the race. It can support life. It was found last week. 1. Jerry works for a company that (or which) makes typewriters. 2. The book about a girl __________________________________________. 3. What was the name of the horse __________________________________? 4. The police have caught the men __________________________________. 5. Alexander Bell was the man _____________________________________. 6. Where are the pictures __________________________________________? 7. The police are still trying to identify the body _______________________. 8. A dictionary is a book __________________________________________. 9. I don’t like people _____________________________________________. 10. It seems that earth is the only planet _______________________________. Exercise 3 Under line the adjective clauses in the following sentences and rewrite them into participial phrases. 1. Lying in the tent, we can hear the wind which is whispering softly through the trees. ______________________________________________________________ 2. This hotel offers gracious hospitality which is unmatched anywhere in town. ______________________________________________________________ 3. The main building of the Marble Temple was made of marble which was specially brought from Carrera in Italy. _______________________________________________________________ 4. It is recommended that you not bring luggage which weighs more than 20 kilos. _______________________________________________________________ 5. There are many places worth visiting for tourists who are interested in arts and culture. _______________________________________________________________ Exercise 4 In the following story, some of the adverbial clauses can be reduced to participial phrases (with or without connectors). Find out where they are and rewrite them into participial phrases. Track 80 One summer evening while I was sitting by the open window, I heard a loud cry of “Help! Help!”. It seemed to come from the tree at the end of the garden. When I looked out, I saw nothing clearly because it was too dark. Almost immediately, I heard the cry again. I could not imagine how anybody could need help in our garden; however, I decided to have a look. Before I went into the garden, I took the torch and picked up a long walking stick, thinking that it might come in handy. When I was armed with these, I went into the garden. Once again I heard the cry. “Who’s there?”, I called out while I walked, rather nervously, down the path. But there was no answer. After I examined the whole garden, I saw no sign of anybody so I went back to the house, still feeling rather puzzled. (Source: Thungsuk, Boonjira et al. Structure and Writing in English Bangkok: Thammasat University Press, 1996, p. 84). 1. _______________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________ Activities Activity 1: Complete the conversation below. Sompong: Anchalee, _______________________________________? Anchalee: _______________________ Maejo University Chiangmai. Sompong: ________________________________________________? Anchalee: I ________________________ the Faculty of Science. Sompong: ________________________________________________? Anchalee: My major is Information Technology. Sompong: ________________________________________________? Anchalee: __________________. This is my first year studying here. Sompong: ________________________________________________? Anchalee: It’s a lot of fun. Still, most of the subjects are very difficult. Sompong: ________________________________________________? Anchalee: Chemistry. Activity 2: Complete the monologue below. I ______ a university student. I __________ Maejo University Chiangmai. I ______ a __________ _________ in English. I _________ many courses at the university. My __________ is English. I ______________ in business field. I ___________ French. ____________, I _______________ a receptionist. I think it’s ________ and ____________ job. Activity 3 Role Play (work in groups of 3-4). Situation: You all meet each other again at a reunion party. Make a conversation about your life and education. Then perform the role play in front of . the class. Activity 4 Write your own monologue about your present education and previous education. Also, tell the occupation that you would like to do at that job. A. Talking about Jobs: INTRODUCTION a. Look at the bubbles and match them with the pictures on your left. Try to guess what they are doing. 1. Track 81 A. __________________ I work in a resort… I stand at the entrance waiting to help guests with their luggage… Guests tip me . 2. . Track 82 B. _________________ I work for a TV station… I spend most of the time in a studio… I read the news when the news program is on air… Sometimes I work till one or two in the morning. 3. Track 83 C. __________________ I really like my job… I have always dreamed of being up there since I was a little girl… I am service-minded, so I decided to apply for this job… However, I always feel tired and jet-lagged when getting back home. 4. Track 84 D. _________________ I work in other people’s houses… I clean up their rooms, cook them meals and take care of household jobs… People hire me when they have no time. 5. Track 85 E. _________________ I work very hard… People always come to see me when they feel worried and tense… They talk about themselves and my job is listening to them… Some of them having severe mental illness will be admitted to an asylum where I work 6. Track 86 F. _______________ I travel very often… That is part of my work, dealing with international cooperation… I have to wake up early and check on my notebook whether there are any appointments. Answer the following questions and try to develop a conversation: - What are the jobs of the people in your family? - What kind of jobs do you want to do and why? Track 87 Model Dialog: b. Study the dialog below. Bob: Hi Lucy, How’re you doing? I haven’t seen you since we left school! Lucy: I’m fine, thank you. I’m so glad to meet you again. Bob: What do you do? Lucy: I’m a tour guide. Bob: Who do you work for? Lucy: I work for the “World Travel”. Bob: Really? Where do you work? Lucy: Everywhere! I take people on tours. Bob: That sounds very interesting. Lucy: Yes, it’s a great job. I love it. And what do you do? Bob: I’m a veterinarian. Lucy: Oh! Where do you work? Bob: In my own clinic for pets. Language Focus 1. Wh-Questions with “Do” and “Does”. What Who Where When Why How do I, you, we, they verb? does WH-Questions about jobs. she, he, your brother, Jack What do you do? I’m a pilot. What do they do? They are policemen. What do we do? We are firefighters. What does he do? He is a doctor. What does she do? She is a dentist. What does your brother do? My brother is an actor. (He is an actor). Where do you work? I work in a hospital. Who do you work for? I work for Ram Hospital. How do you like your job? I really enjoy it. How long have you been doing this job? I have been doing this job for two years. What are your responsibilities? I try to cure people’s illness. What does she do? She is a flight attendant. Where does she work? She works on the airplane. Who does she work for? She works for Thai Airways International How does she like her job? She loves it. It’s an interesting job What are her responsibilities? She has to the passengers food and beverages on board. 3. Subject-Verb Agreement. Choosing the correct form of the verb to be used in the sentence requires first whether a subject is singular or plural. If it is the third-person singular (he, she, it, Proper Noun). The verb used needs to be put –s or –es at the final end. On the other hand, you should use the base form of the verb for all persons (I, you, we, they). The examples are as follows: I You We They work for Siemens He She It Proper Noun (i.e. John, Mary) works I work for Lufthansa. You work for KLM. He works for the government. John works at his office. 3. The way of Adjective used in Describing a Person’s Character. The following table shows some ways of describing a person’s character. Pay special attention to “Verb to Be” and “Verb to Have”. He generous is She independent He generous nature independent character has a/an She His distinctive characteristic is independence. Wrong Right He has energetic. He is energetic. He is an energetic personality. He has an energetic personality. His distinctive characteristic is independent. His distinctive characteristic is independence. 4. Describing Abilities. To be good at something = To be skillful at something Are you good at typing? Yes, I am/ No, not really. Is she good at speaking English? Yes, she is/ No, she isn’t. Is he good with computers? Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t. Subject = verb to be = good at =V(ing) / Noun Can = be able to do something. Can you type? Yes, I can/ No, I can’t. Can she speak English? Yes, she can/ No, she can’t. Can he use a computer? Yes, he can/ No, he can’t. Exercises: Exercise 1: What do these people do? Match the information. Job Titles 1. a flight attendant 2. a mechanic 3. a teacher 4. a chef 5. a pilot 6. an interpreter 7. a nurse 8. a barman 9. an accountant 10. a journalist 11. a postman 12. an architect 13. a shopkeeper 14. a nanny 15. a gardener 16. an undertaker 17. a conductor 18. a stuntman 19. a plastic surgeon 20. a dentist Job Descriptions a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. performs dangerous acts in films collects bus fairs performs tooth extractions arrange funerals improves peoples appearances plants trees looks after kids answers the phone teaches children prepares meals looks after money writes for a newspaper translates things flies planes sells things serves passengers designs buildings repairs cars delivers letters serves drinks Exercise 2: Make up questions for these answers. Questions Answers 1. ______________________________? She’s a travel agent. 2. ______________________________? I’m a welder. 3. ______________________________? She works for KLM. 4. ______________________________? They work in a hospital. 5. ______________________________? He’s been doing this job for a year. 6. ______________________________? I serve the customers food and drinks. 7. ______________________________? It’s an interesting job. 8. _____________________________? I work for Siemens. 9. _____________________________? They are tour guides. Exercise 3: Complete the conversation below. 1. A: ________ do you work? B: I ____________ MSN. A: Oh, really? And _________________? B: I am a webmaster. A: ______________________? B: She’s an operator at the Oriental Hotel. A: _________________ her job? B: She really ______ it. It’s a great job. A: What _______________? B: He’s a pilot. A: Wow! _______________? B: He works for Thai Airways International. A: _____________________? B: They _____________ The Daily News. A: Oh, _______ do they _________? B: _________________ journalists. A: ___________________? B: My brother is a newscaster. A: ____________________? B: He works at the Cable News Network. A: Oh, it sounds _____________. __________________________? B: For five years. Exercise 4: Fill in each blank with one word to make the sentences grammatical. Choose a word from the given list. creative 1. confident service-minded selfish indecisive The manager of our company has the ability to think up new and original ideas. He ________ quite ______ __________ person. 2. Once the manager has made up his mind, it is impossible to get him to change his mind. He ______ _______ rather _________ person. 3. A flight attendant always takes care of the passengers on board. She is always eager to help and service them whenever she can. She _____ ______. 4. Some businessmen always take advantage of others. They are never willing to give but always take. They ______ _______. 5. Although Jack is the boss, he always hesitates in making a decision. It is hard for him to decide for his company. He ______ ___ _______________ nature. Exercise 5: Write the sentences by using “to be good at” and “can”. 1. John/ a computer programmer/ operate a computer. a. John is a computer programmer. He is good at operating a computer. b. John is a computer programmer. He can operate a computer. 2. I/ an English instructor/ speak English. a. __________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________ 3. He/ a politician/ persuade people. a. __________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________ 4. They/ tour guides/ communicate with people. a. __________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________ 5. We/ football players/ play football. a. __________________________________________________________ b. __________________________________________________________ Activities: Activity 1 Work with a group. Look at the list with the 15 job opportunities and place them in the right box. a. registered nurses b. teachers, secondary school c. office managers d. computer support specialists e. repair persons f. teachers, special education g. computer engineers h. restaurant and hotel managers i. college and university professors j. licensed practical nurses k. financial managers l. computer programmers m. instructors and coaches, sports and physical training n. physical therapists o. artists and commercial artists Computer Technology Education Finance Health Care Travel and Hospitality Nutrition and Fitness Would you like one of the jobs in the list? Why or why not? If yes, what kind of Education, training or work experience would you need to get the job. Think about these questions. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. (Source: Howard, Lori. Read all about it: Book 2 Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. p. 87. Edited version by Dr.M. Reinke, Maejo University Chiangmai). Activity 2 Role Play Work in pairs. Write your own role play situation on talking about jobs. You have to use all patterns presented in Language Focus in your dialog. Then perform the role play in front of the class. Track 88 Activity 3 Read this article about a jet pilot. Then complete the conversation. Yvonne Sintes: First woman Ministry of Aviation air controller and first woman airline jet captain; 48, married. Yvonne has been a pilot for Dan Air for nearly 10 years; they were the first commercial company to train woman for the job and now employ four woman pilots. She wanted to fly since the age of eight, but had to be content with being a stewardess in her first job since no airline company would train a woman to fly. “It was understandable: it was just after the war and men thought that the women were competing with them and only in it for the glamour. Once they realized as a widow I had to earn a living it was different.” She thinks that now it is almost essential for woman, including married woman, to work if they want a decent house and feels that good nursery school provision would help. Reporter: How long have you been a captain? Yvonne: For ten years now. Reporter: And which __________________? Yvonne: Dan Air. Reporter: Are ________________________? Yvonne: Not now. At first I was. But now there are four of us. Reporter: When ______________________? Yvonne: Ah, forty years ago, when I was eight! Reporter: And what ___________________? Yvonne: A stewardess. At that time, no airline would train a woman to fly. Reporter: Why _______________________? Yvonne: Well, it was just after the war. Men thought that woman were competing with them, and that they only wanted the job for the glamour. Reporter: ______ did the airline you work for change its mind? Yvonne: When they realized that I was a widow. I had to earn a living. (Source: Davies, Evely, et al. Strategies for Reading. London: Heinemann, 1981. p 17). Activity 4 Read the story below and answer the questions. Track 89 Seumas McSporran is a very busy man. He is 60 years old and he has thirteen jobs. He is a postman, a policeman, a fireman, a taxi driver, a school-bus driver, a boatman, an ambulance man, an accountant, a petrol attendant, a barman, and an undertaker. Also, he and his wife, Margaret, have a shop and a small hotel. Seumas lives and works on the island of Gigha in the west of Scotland. Only 120 people live on Gigha but in summer 150 tourists come by boat every day. Every weekday Seumas gets up at 6.00 and makes breakfast for the hotel guests. At 8.00 he drives the island’s children to school. At 9.00 he collects the post from the boat and delivers it to all the houses on the island. He also delivers the beer to the island’s only pub. Then he helps Margaret in the shop. He say’s: “ Margaret likes being busy, too. We never have holidays and we don’t like watching television. In the evenings Margaret makes supper and I do the accounts. At 10.00 we have a glass of wine and then we go to bed. Perhaps our life isn’t very exciting, but we like it.” Questions: 1. Where does Seumas live? _____________________________________________________________ 2. How many jobs does he have? List them out. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. What does his wife do? _____________________________________________________________ 4. How many people live on Gigha? _____________________________________________________________ 5. What does Seumas do in the morning? _____________________________________________________________