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The Rise of Monotheism E. Napp Objective: To identify and explain significant beliefs of Zoroastrianism and Judaism Do Now: Multiple-choice questions from previous lessons 1. A similarity between Shinto in Japan 4. • The Ganges River is sacred to people and animism in African societies is that both practicing Hinduism. (1) use the Torah to establish law codes • Shinto shrines are usually located near (2) stress the importance of the Eightfold mountains or lakes. Path • The Jordan River is a site of many (3) believe that spirits exist in nature Christian baptisms. (4) base social rank on a caste system Which conclusion is most valid based on these statements related to belief systems? 2. Which action is most closely associated (1) The Middle East was the birthplace of with polytheism? these belief systems. (1) praying in a synagogue (2) Water plays an important role in these (2) accepting the Eightfold Path belief systems. (3) worshipping many gods (3) Pilgrimages to mountainous regions are (4) reading the Koran encouraged by these belief systems. (4) Understanding nature is a requirement 3. One similarity between animism and of these belief systems. Shinto is that people who follow these belief systems 5. • Buddhism is introduced into Japan (1) practice filial piety around A.D. 1200. (2) worship spirits in nature • Islam extends from the Middle East into (3) are monotheistic Spain by A.D. 732. (4) are required to make pilgrimages • Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s. Each of these statements reflects the concept of (1) cultural diffusion (2) urbanization (3) civil disobedience (4) isolationism At first, humans developed belief systems that were localized to the area in which they lived. As civilization developed, polytheism, or worshipping many gods, became quite common. Often cities, such as Athens, Greece, would worship patron gods who were seen as their protector. In the Middle East, the Hebrews first established the concept of monotheism, or the belief in a single god. This laid the foundation for later religions such as Christianity and Islam. ~regentsprep.org Questions: Define polytheism. ______________________________ What did the Athenians worship? ______________________________ What happened in the Middle East? ______________________________ Why are the Hebrews important? ______________________________ What religions were influenced by the beliefs of the Hebrews? ______________________________ Cornell Notes Outline: The Rise of Monotheism (Add Key Words and Summaries) The Key Words: The Summaries: The Notes: I. The First Humans A. Animists 1- Everything has a spirit II. Zoroaster A. Persian Prophet 1- Sixth century B.C.E. B. Beliefs 1- God is a force of goodness and light 2- However, evil exists 3- People are free to choose 4- GoodnessHeaven and evilHell III. Judaism A. First monotheistic religion B. Abraham 1- first Prophetcame to believe in the existence of one God 2- led his people out of Mesopotamia to present-day Israel C. Moses 1- Significant Hebrew Prophet 2- Led his people out of Egypt a. Hebrews had moved to Egypt during a famine b. Enslaved in Egypt c. Exodus: flight from Egypt 3- Received Ten Commandments D. Beliefs 1- Covenant with God 2- Moral and ethical religion 3- Monotheism E. Sacred Text 1- Bible a. Torah: first five books of Bible F. House of Worship 1- Synagogue Please read the passage below and answer the questions: Approximately 3500 years ago, in ancient Persia (Iran), the prophet, Zoroaster began preaching a new religion. His religion, Zoroastrianism, was the official religion of Persian from 600 B.C. to 650 C.E. (A.D.) It is now one of the world’s smallest religions. Zoroastrians believe that there is one God (monotheism) called Ahura Mazda (the God of goodness and light). Zoroastrians believe that Ahura Mazda created the world. They also believe that fire represents Ahura Mazda’s light or wisdom. Their Holy Scriptures is called The Avesta. Zoroastrians believe that the universe is a battleground between two forces, good and evil. People are free to choose whom they will follow. However, those who lead good lives will eventually go to Heaven, while others will be doomed to Hell. The beliefs of Zoroastrianism clearly affected people’s view of an afterlife. Questions: Who was Zoroaster and what did he believe? ______________________________________________________________________________ What is the most significant contribution of Zoroastrianism to the world’s religions? ______________________________________________________________________________ Abraham was the leader of a Middle Eastern people called the Hebrews. The Hebrew people believe that God called Abraham’s family to worship one God and to leave Mesopotamia. Historians believe this happened 3500 years ago. For many years, the Hebrew people wandered the desert as nomads but when a famine occurred, they traveled to Egypt. In Egypt, the Hebrew people were enslaved by the Egyptian Pharaoh. Eventually, Moses became an important leader of the Hebrew people in Egypt. Sometime between 1300 B.C.E. and 1200 B.C.E., Moses led his people out of Egypt. As the Hebrews wandered the desert to the east of Egypt, Moses climbed Mount Sinai to pray. The Hebrew people believe that God gave Moses the Ten Commandments. These rules told the Hebrew people to live peacefully with God, each other, and other people. The commandments became the roots of the religion called Judaism. Today, we call the Hebrew people Jews. Questions: Who was Abraham and what was he asked to do? ______________________________________________________________________________ Why did the Hebrew people migrate to Egypt? What happened to them in Egypt? ______________________________________________________________________________ Who was Moses and what did he do? ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity share a belief in (1) the central authority of the Pope (2) a prohibition of the consumption of pork (3) reincarnation and the Four Noble Truths (4) monotheism and ethical conduct 2. Jewish religions and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by (1) Ramadan and the concept of reincarnation (2) the Torah and the Diaspora (3) the New Testament and the Four Noble Truths (4) the Koran and the code of bushido Word Bank: Kami Polytheism Zoroastrianism Monotheism Moses Abraham Ten Commandments Animism Torah Judaism Shintoism 1. The Hebrews trace themselves to an ancestor named (A) Adam. (B) Abraham. (C) Abel. (D) Noah. 3. Someone inspired by God to speak for him was called (A) Priest. (B) Rabbi. (C) Prophet. (D) King. 2. A contract between the Hebrews and their God was called a (A) Mitzvah. (B) Covenant. (C) Yarmulke. (D) Commandment. 4. God first appeared to Moses in (A) An Egyptian slave. (B) A cloud on Mt. Sinai. (C) A Burning Bush. (D) The Red Sea.