Download Semester 1 Final Review

Semester 1 Final
Review
Vocabulary PPT
 Focused Examination - Comes right after the initial assessment,
check the client’s head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, legs,
arms and portions of the back.
 Heart Attack - When the heart muscle is deprived of oxygenrich blood and nutrients.
 Stroke - When the brain is deprived of oxygen-rich blood and
nutrients.
Safety Vocab.
 Arterial Bleeding - Most serious spurting, least likely to clot.
 Venous Bleeding - Flows steadily or even gushes, easier to
control.
 Capillary Bleeding - Most common type of bleeding, oozes
when injured, bright red.
 Shock - Occurs when to little oxygen and nutrients reach the
body’s cells, tissue, and organs.
 Surgical Asepsis - Also called sterile technique, the
maintenance of a sterile field or environment.
 Body Mechanics - Positions and movements used to maintain
proper posture and avoid muscle and bone injuries.
 Pathogens - Microorganisms that invade the body.
Safety Vocab.
Continued
 Antiseptics - Solutions that are applied directly to the skin to
prevent the growth of pathogens.
 Disinfection - Uses strong chemicals to kill many pathogens on
instruments.
 Sterilization – Best form of cleaning; everything in the room is
sterile; surgical room.
 First Aid - The initial help and care given to a sick or injured
person.
 Initial Assessment - Consists of evaluating the client’s
responsiveness.
 Laceration - A jagged, irregular tear of the skin.
 Skin avulsion - tissue separates from the body.
 Incision - A cut from a knife, glass, or sharp rock.
 Puncture - A wound that is caused by an object piercing the skin.
 Abrasion - wound to outer layers of skin that causes little bleeding; caused
by friction with another object.
Emergency
Care Vocab.
(Safety)
 Poison - Substance, solid liquid or gas, that causes illness, injury, or death
when introduced to the body.
 First Aid - The immediate temporary care to a person that has become sick
or has been injured.
 Shock – Failure of the system to keep adequate blood circulating to the vital
organs of the body.
 Rabies - A disease of the nervous system that could cause madness and
death.
 Sprain – Stretching or tearing of ligaments that hold bone together.
 Strain – Stretching or tearing of muscles and tendons.
• 1st Degree Burn – Involves the top layer of skin (sunburn).
• 2nd Degree Burn – Involves the top layer, the skin will blister and
appear blotchy.
• 3rd Degree Burn - destroys all layers of skin, nerves, muscle, fat
and bones. Burn looks brown or black.
Emergency
Care Vocab.
Continued
• Fainting – A temporary loss of consciousness, caused by
reduced blood supply to the brain.
• Frostbite – Ice crystals form in the spaces between the cells
• Gangrene – Death of tissue, that comes from frostbite that is
untreated.
• Hurricane - A powerful rain storm
• Tornado – A powerful twisting wind storm.
• Blizzard – Snow Storm
• Earthquake - Violent shaking of the ground.
 Sagittal Plane – Cuts the body into Right and Left halves; flexion &
extension.
 Frontal Plane – Cuts the body into Anterior and Posterior halves; abduction
& adduction.
Body Org.
Planes,
Directional &
Movement
Terms
 Transverse Plane – Cuts the body into Superior and Inferior halves; internal
& external rotation
 Anterior – towards the front.
 Posterior – towards the back.
 Superior – above.
 Inferior – below.
 Medial – towards the midline (sagittal plane cut).
 Lateral – away from the midline (sagittal plane cut) or to the side.
 Distal – further from the reference point.
 Proximal – closer to the reference point.
 Deep – away from the surface.
 Superficial – towards the surface.
 Flexion – Decreasing the angle at a joint (sagittal plane).
 Extension – Increasing the angle at a joint (sagittal plane).
Body Org.
Planes,
Directional &
Movement
Terms
Continued
 Abduction – Movement away from the midline (frontal plane).
 Adduction – Movement towards the midline (frontal plane).
 Internal Rotation – Rotation towards the midline (transverse plane).
 External Rotation – Rotation away from the midline (transverse plane).
 Lateral or Side Rotation – Term given to rotation at the neck and torso.
 Lateral or Side Bending – Term given to abduction and adduction at the neck
and torso.
 Ulnar/Radial Deviation – Term given to abduction and adduction at the wrist.
 Inversion/Eversion – Term given to abduction and adduction at the ankle.
 Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion – Term given to flexion and extension at the
ankle.
Digestion
Functions
 Teeth – physical breakdown of food.
 Tongue – tasting, chewing, and swallowing.
 Salivary Glands – send saliva to moisten food and chemical
breakdown.
 Uvula – closes the nasal passage when you swallow.
 Epiglottis – closes the trachea when you swallow.
 Esophagus – takes bolus from mouth to the stomach.
 Cardiac Sphincter – prevents back flow into the esophagus from the
stomach.
 Stomach – physical and chemical breakdown of food.; churns and
mixes chyme.
 Pyloric Sphincter – prevents back flow into the stomach from the
small intestine.
 Small Intestine – chemical breakdown; absorption occurs.
 Large Intestine – Water absorption; feces moved to exit.
 Liver – largest gland, makes bile .
 Gallbladder – stores bile from liver.
 Pancreas – makes enzymes and juices to help with chemical
breakdown; both endocrine and exocrine function.
Urinary Vocab.
 Kidney – main organ of the urinary system; form urine.
 Dialysis (Kidney) – Separating particles from a fluid by filtration through a
semipermeable membrane.
 Micturition – Process of urination.
 Urea - the chief solid component of urine; synthesized from ammonia and
carbon dioxide.
 Ureter – Tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.
 Urinalysis – Physical, chemical or microscopic examination of urine.
 Urination – Discharge or passage of urine.
 Voiding – to empty; empty the bladder of urine.
 Albuminuria – protein in the urine.
 Anuria – absence of urine.
 Dysuria – painful or difficult urination.
 Diuresis – double or increase in urine.
 Glycosuria – glucose or sugar in the urine.
 Hematuria – blood in the urine.
 Oliguria – decreased amount of urine.
 Polyuria – increased urine.
 Pyuria – pus in the urine.