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Download Lessons 15 and 16 - Colegio Cristiano de Guatemala
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Lic. Miguel Ashcraft Analyzing Verb Tense At-a-Glance – Lesson 15 Present Verb (-s) Guide for forming participles Simple past (preterit) 1) Verb + -ed 2) Vowel change Past Infinitive To + verb -ed …………………………-ed Gerund Verb + -ing cambio vocálico……-en Participle Verb + -ed / -en Perfect Have/has + participle (he, has, ha, hemos, han + ptc) Pluperfect Had + participle (había, habías + ptc.) Present progressive Am/are/is + gerund (Estoy cenando vs. Ceno.) Participle Past progressive (coprt) Was/were + gerund (-aba o –ía; estaba cenando o cenaba) Future Will + verb (cenaré) Alternative to future Am/are/is + going + infinitive (voy a cenar) Now complete the following diagram to reinforce your learning. Put a line ---- where nothing is applicable: Preceding Word Verb/Verbal Form ending Present Simple past Infinitive * Gerund * Participle * Perfect Pluperfect Pres. Progressive Past Progressive Future Alt to Future Alternative to future I am going = Voy You are going = Vas He is going = Va We are going = Vamos They are going = Van I am You are He is + going to + verb We are They are Past alternative to future I was You were He was + going to + verb We were They were Lic. Miguel Ashcraft Word Order in Sentences – Syntax – Lesson 16 You have learned a lot! You can now recognize the major verb tenses! We will pause from verbs (we still __________________________________________________________________________. need to learn Imperatives and Subjunctives) and dedicate time to structuring sentences. __________________________________________________________________________. The Basic Sentence Structure in English: Subject + verb + Object (complete idea) Please note that English is less flexible than Spanish. Do not try to change the word order. _____________________________________________________________________________. Now let’s look at some examples: In Spanish, these four sentences are fine: Dianna ama a Miguel. A Miguel ama Dianna. Dianna a Miguel ama. We keep the Direct Object clear because of the “a personal”. A Miguel Dianna ama. ________________________________________________ But in English, you can’t vary word order! When you change the word order, you change subject-object. _____________________________________________________________________________Observe: Mike loves Dianna. (Dianna is the Direct Object; she receives Mike’s love) Dianna loves Mike. (Mike is the Direct Object; he receives Dianna’s love) Mike Dianna loves. (This sentence is totally WRONG.) Los dos “que” Dianna Mike loves. (This sentence is totally WRONG.) conjunción subordinadora = that The Rule for Adjectives: adjective + noun comparación = than The rule is simple: Adjectives always go before their nouns (the opposite of Spanish). Be Careful ! There are no plural forms of adjectives. Sometimes nouns are used as adjectives. If you have several nouns together, the last will be the noun and the previous ones will be used as adjectives. Vocabulary 16 (20 words; total to date 186 words) A lot = mucho [son dos palabras] Basic = básico, fundamental Can/ could = poder (vb.), lata (n.) Dedicate/ dedicated = dedicar Instead of = en vez de It = ello, lo, la [NOT: eat] Less … than = menos … que Major = mayor, principal Need/ needed = necesitar, necesidad Note/ noted = tomar nota, una nota Pause/ paused = pausar, pausa, tomar paus [Homonym: paws] Please/ pleased = por favor, complacer Recognize/ recognized = reconocer Rule/ ruled = regla, reinar Still = todavía, quieto (Not: Steal) Structure/ structured = estructura, estructurar Tense = tenso, tiempo verbal Time = tiempo, hora, vez (ojo) Try/ tried = tratar, intentar, probar Yourself = tú mismo, ti mismo Regla de adjetivos de traducción difícil Cuando un adjetivo no se traduce (del inglés), echa mano de los dos ayudantes: 1) 2) de … que … Ex. English class = clase de inglés Jumping toy = juguete que salta Still = todavía Not yet = todavía no Already = ya No longer, not … anymore = ya no