Download Conceptual Physics

Conceptual Physics
Final Review
Vocabulary
1. accuracy
27. velocity
50. Newton's 3rd Law of
2. precision
28. acceleration
motion
3. dependent variable
29. free fall
51. air resistance
4. independent variable
30. vector
52. weightlessness
5. experiment
31. scalar quantity
53. terminal velocity
6. hypothesis
32. vector quantity
54. normal force
7. observation
33. satellite
55. action force
8. scientific law
34. projectile
56. reaction force
9. scientific theory
35. resultant
57. momentum
10. unit
36. parabolic path
58. impulse
11. x-axis
37. horizontal component
59. elastic collision
12. y-axis
38. vertical component
60. inelastic collision
13. slope
39. range
61. system
14. scalar
40. inertia
62. law of conservation of
15. vector
41. mass
momentum
16. magnitude
42. force
63. energy
17. relative
43. net force
64. kinetic energy
18. frame of reference
44. balanced forces
65. potential energy
19. distance
45. friction
66. gravitational potential
20. time
46. gravity
energy
21. direction
47. weight
67. work
22. position
48. Newton's 1st Law of
68. mechanical energy
23. rate
motion
69. law of conservation of
24. instantaneous speed
49. Newton's 2nd Law of
energy
25. average speed
motion
26. displacement
Chapter 2
1. Why is motion considered relative, and what does that mean?
2. Define speed. What is the difference between instantaneous and average speed?
3. What is the equation for speed? What are some possible units for speed?
4. Differentiate between speed and velocity.
5. Define constant velocity. When does an object have constant velocity?
6. Define acceleration. What is the equation for acceleration?
7. How are velocity and acceleration related?
8. Give an example of an object traveling at a constant velocity and accelerating.
9. What are the three ways an object can accelerate?
10. If an object travels at the same speed and the same direction, is the object accelerating?
11. What is free fall and how does it relate to gravity?
12. If an object is in free fall, its _____________________ is constant.
13. What is the value for the acceleration due to gravity?
14. If a ball is thrown up at 10 m/s, what will be the speed of the ball when it’s caught back at the original
point of the throw?
15. If you throw a ball straight up, what is the ball’s instantaneous speed at the top of its path?
16. If you throw a ball straight up, what is the ball’s acceleration at the top of its path?
17. How do you calculate the time an object will take to travel a given distance in freefall?
18. How do you calculate the distance an object travels while in freefall?
Chapter 3
29. What is a scalar? Give three examples of scalar quantities.
30. What is a vector? Give three examples of vector quantities.
31. Explain how to determine the resultant of two vectors (a) in opposite directions (b) in the same direction,
and (c) perpendicular to each other.
32. What is the maximum resultant for a 5-unit vector and a 2-unit vector? the minimum resultant?
Draw each set of vectors and the resultant.
33. What is the resultant velocity of a boat going across a river the boat's velocimeter reads 4 m/s West and
the river is flowing 3 m/s South? Draw your solution and then use the Pythagorean Theorem to verify the
magnitude.
34. Define projectile. Give some examples of projectiles.
35. Draw the path of a projectile. Label the horizontal and vertical velocities at a point going up, at a point
going down, and at the top of the path.
36. How are a projectile’s horizontal velocity and vertical velocity related?
37. Which component (horizontal or vertical) of a projectile's velocity does not change if we ignore the air ?
38. At what point in it's flight does a projectile have its minimum resultant speed?
39. Find the resultant speed of a projectile with a horizontal speed of 5 m/s and a vertical speed of 30 m/s.
How long will this projectile stay in the air?
40. Identify the relationship of different launch angles with a projectiles range (the horizontal distance
traveled.)
41. What is the vertical speed of a horizontally launched projectile two seconds after it is launched?
42. Explain how a satellite orbiting the earth is actually just “falling around the earth.”
43. About how fast does an object need to travel horizontally in order to orbit the earth?
Chapters 4-6
44. What did Galileo say about inertia? What experiment did he demonstrate to describe inertia?
45. What is inertia?
46. What is Newton’s first law of motion? Does it apply to objects at rest, moving objects, or both?
47. Once an object is moving through frictionless space, how much force is needed to keep it going?
48. How is mass related to inertia?
49. How do you calculate weight?
50. What is the difference between mass and weight?
51. What is the difference between mass and volume?
52. Your mass is 59 Kg, calculate your weight on earth and moon? Would you weigh more on the earth or on the
moon?
53. What is friction?
54. What is meant by net force? Draw and label the free body diagram of the four forces.
55. How do you calculate the net force of two objects acting in the same direction?
56. How do you calculate the net force of two objects acting in opposite directions?
57. What is equilibrium and how does one achieve equilibrium?
58. An object weighs 25 N on the earth. A second object weighs 25 N on the moon. Which has the greater
mass?
59. What produces acceleration?
60. How is acceleration related to net force?
61. How is acceleration related to mass?
62. If an object moves with a constant velocity, what is the acceleration of the object? What is the net force
acting on the object?
63. What is terminal velocity? How is it achieved? What is the acceleration of the object that has reached
terminal velocity?
64. In the absence of air resistance, which will hit the ground first if dropped from the same height, a feather
or a brick?
65. In the presence of air resistance, which will hit the ground first if dropped from the same height, a
feather or a brick?
66. A constant force applied to a constant mass produces a constant ___________________________.
67. If an object moves with a constant velocity (_______________ acceleration), how is the applied force
related to the force of friction?
68. What is pressure?
69. How is pressure related to force?
70. How is pressure related to area?
71. A woman hangs from a bar using both of her arms. If she weighs 3000 N, how much force does each arm
support?
72. Forces always occur in _________________.
73. A bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compare the force of the bug on the car to the
force of the car on the bug.
74. A bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compare the deceleration of the bug to the
deceleration of the car.
75. What propels a rocket in the vacuum of space?
76. Two people pull on a rope in a tug-of-war. Each pulls with 600 N of force. What is the tension in the rope?
77. How much (in Newton’s) does a 55 kg box of books weigh?
78. A person weighs 300 N. What is the mass of the person?
79. If you push with 25 N on a 5 kg box across a frictionless surface, how fast will the box accelerate?
80. If you push with 25 N on a 5 kg box and there is a 10 N force of friction, how fast will the box accelerate?
81. A certain net force gives a 10 kg object an acceleration of 9 m/s 2. What acceleration would the same force
give a 30 kg object?
Chapters 7
82. Distinguish between mass and momentum. Which is inertia and which is inertia in motion?
83. Which has the greater mass, a heavy truck at rest or a rolling skateboard?
84. Distinguish between impact and impulse. Which designates a force and which multiplies force and time?
85. When the force of impact on an object is extended in time, does the impulse increase or decrease?
86. Distinguish between impulse and momentum. Which is force times time and which is inertia in motion?
87. Does impulse equal momentum, or a change in momentum?
88. For a constant force, suppose the duration of impact on an object is doubled.
a. How much is the impulse increased?
b. How much is the resulting change in momentum increased?
89. In a car crash, why is it advantageous for an occupant to extend the time during which the collision takes
place?
90. If the time of impact in a collision is extended by four times, how much does the force of impact change?
91. Why is it advantageous for a boxer to ride with a punch? Why should he avoid moving into an oncoming
punch?
92. You are standing on a skateboard.
a. When you throw a ball, do you experience an impulse?
b. Do you experience an impulse when you catch a ball of the same speed?
c. Do you experience an impulse when you catch it and then throw it out again?
d. Which impulse is greatest?
93. Why is more impulse delivered during a collision when bouncing occurs than during one when it doesn’t?
94. In terms of momentum conservation, why dies a cannon recoil when fired?
95. What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved?
96. Distinguish between an elastic and an inelastic collision.
97. Imagine that you are hovering next to the space shuttle in earth orbit. Your buddy of equal mass, who is
moving at 4 km/hr with respect to the shuttle, bumps into you. If he holds onto you, how fast do you both
move with respect to the ship?
98. Is momentum conserved for colliding objects that are moving at angles to one another? Explain.
99. What is the momentum of a 66 lbs bowling ball rolling at 2 m/sec?
a. If the bowling ball rolls into a pillow and stops in 0.5 sec, calculate the average force it exerts on
the pillow.
b. What average force does the pillow exert on the ball?
100. What is the momentum of a 100 lbs carton that slides at 4 m/sec across an icy surface? The sliding
carton skids onto a rough surface and stops in 3 sec. Calculate the force of friction it encounters.
Chapter 8
101. A force sets an object in motion. When the force is multiplied by the time of its application, we call the
quantity impulse, which changes the momentum of that object. What do we call the quantity
(force)(distance) and what quantity can this change?
102. Work is required to lift a barbell. How many times more work is required to lift the barbell three times
as high?
103. Which requires more work, lifting a 10 kg load a vertical distance of 2 m or lifting a 5 kg load a vertical
distance of 4 m?
104. How many joules of work are done on an object when a force of 10 N pushes it a distance of 10 m?
105. How is power increased?
106. In which situation is more power required: Slowly lifting a book bag full of books up the stairs or quickly
lifting the same book bag full of books up the same stairs?
107. How much power is required to do 100 J of work on an object in a time of 0.5 sec? How much power is
required if the same work is done in 1 sec?
108. What are the two main forms of mechanical energy?
109. If you do 100 J of work to elevate a bucket of water, what is the gravitational potential energy relative
to its starting position? What would the gravitational potential energy be if the bucket were raised twice
as high?
110. A boulder is raised above the ground so that its potential energy relative to the ground is 200 J. Then it is
dropped. What is its kinetic energy just before it hits the ground?
111. Suppose an automobile has 2000 J of kinetic energy. When it moves at twice the speed, what will be its
kinetic energy? What’s its kinetic energy at three times the speed?
112. What will be the kinetic energy of an arrow having a potential energy of 50 J after it is shot from a bow?
113. What does it mean to say that in any system, the total energy score stays the same?
114. In what sense is energy from coal actually solar energy?
115. How does the amount of work done on an automobile by its engine relate to the energy content of the
gasoline?
Which law? First, Second, or Third?
____ 1.
A frog leaping upward off his lily pad is pulled downward by gravity and lands on another lily pad instead
of continuing on in a straight line.
____ 2.
As the fuel in a rocket ignites, the force of the gas expansion and explosion pushes out the back of the
rocket and pushes the rocket forward.
____ 3.
When you are standing up in a subway train and the train suddenly stops, your body continues forward.
____ 4.
After you start up your motorcycle, as you give it more gas, it goes faster.
____ 5.
A pitched baseball goes faster than one that is gently thrown.
____ 6.
A swimmer pushes water back with her arms, but her body moves forward.
____ 7.
As an ice skater pushes harder with his leg muscles, he begins to move faster.
____ 8.
When Harry, age 5, and his dad are skipping pebbles on a pond, the pebbles that Harry’s dad throws go
farther and faster than his do.
____ 9.
When you paddle a canoe, the canoe goes forward.
____ 10.
When you pull a cloth quickly from under food dishes.
____ 11.
A little girl who has been pulling a sled behind her in the snow is crying because when she stopped to tie
her hat on, the sled kept moving and hit her on the back of her legs.
____ 12.
Under same force the bowling ball moves slower than a marble down incline plane.
____ 13.
When you spin a bucket of water the water wants to continue moving.
____ 14.
When you spin a bucket of water the water wants to continue moving but the back of the bucket pushes
on the water as the water pushes the back.
____ 15.
Balloon moves in one direction as the air blows out the opposite direction.