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Unit 5 Test: Natural Disasters
Multiple Choice (1 pt Each)
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. A fault is ____.
a. a place on Earth where earthquakes cannot occur
b. a fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred
c. the place on Earth’s surface where structures move during an earthquake
d. another name for an earthquake
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2. An earthquake’s epicenter is ____.
a. the place on the surface directly above the focus
b. a spot halfway between the focus and the surface
c. the spot below the focus
d. any spot along the nearest fault
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3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of S waves?
a. They travel more slowly than P waves.
b. They temporarily change the volume of material by compression and expansion.
c. They shake particles at right angles to the direction the waves travel.
d. They cannot be transmitted through water or air.
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4. The scale most widely used by scientists for measuring earthquakes is the ____.
a. seismic scale
c. moment magnitude scale
b. Richter scale
d. epicenter magnitude scale
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5. A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under ____.
a. a mountain range
c. the ocean floor
b. the San Andreas Fault
d. a small inland lake
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6. Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rock on slopes to fall and cause a ____.
a. Fault
c. tsunami
b. Landslide
d. sinkhole
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7. Earth’s thin, rocky outer layer is its ____.
a. Core
b. Mantle
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c. outer core
d. crust
8. The Moho is ____.
a. the boundary between the outer and inner core
b. boundary between the crust and the mantle
c. the material of which the mantle is composed
d. an area of the mantle that will not transmit seismic waves
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9. Where do most earthquakes occur?
a. in the mountains of Africa
b. around the edge of the Pacific Ocean
c. around the Atlantic Ocean
d. In Europe
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10. The lithospheric plates move an average of ____.
a. 15 inches per year
c. 5 centimeters per year
b. 50 inches per year
d. 50 centimeters per year
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11. A tectonic plate consists of ____.
a. the crust and uppermost mantle
b. the oceanic and continental crust only
c. the crust and entire mantle
d. the asthenosphere only
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12. Which of the following is a geographic example of a transform fault boundary?
a. the East African Rift valley
c. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
b. the San Andreas Fault
d. the Andes Mountains
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13. New ocean crust is formed at ____.
a. divergent boundaries
b. convergent boundaries
c. continental volcanic arcs
d. transform fault boundaries
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14. Which of the following results when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates?
a. seafloor spreading
c. an ocean trench
b. a subduction zone
d. a volcanic island arc
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15. Deep ocean trenches are associated with ____.
a. ocean ridge systems
c. transform fault boundaries
b. subduction zones
d. rift zones
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16. What feature is labeled B in Figure 9-1?
a. Trench
b. ocean ridge
c. volcanic island arc
d. continental volcanic arc
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17. What process is illustrated by the area labeled G in Figure 9-1?
a. seafloor spreading
c. rifting
b. continental volcanism
d. Subduction Zone
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18. The Himalayas in South Asia are an example of what type of plate boundary?
a. convergent oceanic-continental boundary
b. convergent continental-continental boundary
c. divergent boundary
d. transform fault boundary
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19. Volcanic island arcs are associated with what type of plate boundary?
a. divergent boundary
b. convergent continental-continental boundary
c. convergent oceanic-continental boundary
d. convergent oceanic-oceanic boundary
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20. The thermal convection that drives plate motion is caused by ____.
a. seafloor spreading
c. gravity
b. an unequal distribution of heat
d. subduction
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21. The Hawaiian Islands were formed when the Pacific Plate moved over ____.
a. a subduction zone
c. the Aleutian Plate
b. an ocean ridge
d. a hot spot
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22. How does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?
a. Age decreases.
c. Age increases.
b. Age stays the same.
d. Age varies without a pattern.
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23. As the temperature of lava increases,
a. its viscosity increases
b. in begins to harden
c. its viscosity decreases
d. it can flow a much shorter distance
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24. According to whole-mantle convection, ____.
a. small amounts of material from the lower mantle move upward to the surface
b. slabs of cold oceanic lithosphere move down and into the lower mantle
c. large chunks of continental crust are pulled down into the lower mantle
d. material from the inner core rises into the mantle to form super hot plumes
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25. The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is associated with ____.
a. a divergent plate boundary
c. a transform fault boundary
b. a convergent plate boundary
d. no plate boundary of any kind
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26. Which one of the following has been proposed as the main mechanism of plate motion?
a. Slab ride
c. mantle convection
b. Lithospheric Ridge
d. crust-core convection
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27. What mechanism of plate motion is illustrated in Figure 9-2?
a. seafloor spreading
c. ridge-push
b. slab-pull
d. magnetic reversal
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28. What feature is labeled A in Figure 9-2?
a. subduction zone
b. Trench
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c. volcanic island arc
d. continental volcanic arc
29. According to Figure 9-2, if the plate labeled H descends into Earth’s interior, what will occur
between the positions labeled Y and X?
a. The rock at X will be cooler than the rock at Y.
b. Earthquake foci will be shallower at Y and increase in depth at X.
c. Earthquake foci will be deeper at Y and decrease in depth at X.
d. Rifting will begin to occur between Y and X.
____ 30.
Which of the following factors helps determine whether a volcanic
eruption will be violent of quiet?
a. amount of dissolved gases in the magma
b. temp of the magma
c. composition of the magma
d. all of the above
____ 31.
Which of the following plays a major part in determining the form of a volcano?
a. elevation above seas level.
b. magma composition
c. local soil type
d. nearness of other volcanoes.
____ 32.
Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?
a. magma with high silica, high viscosity, & higher gas content
b. magma with hlow silica, low viscosity, & lower gas content
c. magma with low silica, high viscosity & lower gas
d. magma with no silica, high viscosity, and no gas.
____ 33.
The most violent volacanic eruptions are associated with what type of
volcano?
a. cinder cones
b. shield volcanoes
c. composite cones
d. big ones
____ 34.
What type of plate boundary results in volcanic activity?
a. continent-continent convergent
b. continent-oceanic convergent
c. transform
d. none of the above
Completion: Using the word bank below, complete each sentence or statement. (2 Pts Each)
35. The location on Earth’s surface above the point where an earthquake starts is the ____________________.
36. Movements that follow a major earthquake often produce smaller earthquakes called ________________.
37. The springing back of rock after it has been deformed is known as ____________________.
38.
Earthquakes can cause _____________________ when gas and electric lines are cut.
39.
Most of Earth’s volume is contained in the _____________, which is the layer beneath the crust.
40. The type of plate boundary where plates move apart, resulting in upwelling of material from the mantle to
create new seafloor, is referred to as a(n) ____________________ plate boundary.
41. A chain of small volcanic islands that forms when two oceanic plates converge, one descending beneath the
other, is called a(n) ____________________.
42. Earthquakes associated with divergent boundaries have ____________________ foci.
43. The primary forces that cause plate motion are made possible by a mechanism called
____________________.
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45.
44. The appearance of hot spots and volcanoes at Earth’s surface is evidence of ____________________.
45. The Type of boundary where plates come together is called a __________________ boundary.
46. The type of boundary where plates slide past one another is called a ______________ boundary.
47.
47. The 2 small particles that are ejected from volcanoes are called dust and _______________.
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