Download PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS NOTESHEET

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS NOTESHEET & STUDY GUIDE
Name: _______________________________________ Class Period: _____ Date: ______________
1.
A substance that is made of only one type of atom is called an ELEMENT.
2.
All the chemical elements listed on the Periodic Table were made by STARS and SUPERNOVAS (exploding
stars).
3.
The atoms of an element can be identified by their atomic number, which is equal to the number of
PROTONS (or positively charged particles) found inside the atom’s nucleus. Each element on the Periodic
Table has a DIFFERENT atomic number.
4.
There are 18 GROUPS (or vertical columns) of elements and 7 PERIODS (or horizontal rows) of elements found
on the Periodic Table.
5.
All elements in the same row have the same number of ENERGY LEVELS surrounding the nucleus of their
atoms, while all elements in the same column have similar properties and the same number of VALENCE
(outermost) electrons.
6.
All elements on the Periodic Table are arranged by their atomic number, which INCREASES as you move
across the table from left to right and top to bottom.
7.
The MASS NUMBER of an element is equal to the total number of PARTICLES (protons and neutrons) found
inside the nucleus of an atom. The number of neutrons inside the nucleus can be found by subtracting the
ATOMIC NUMBER from the MASS NUMBER (or AVG. ATOMIC MASS).
8.
The atoms of each element found on the Periodic Table are balanced and have no overall electrical
charge, which means that they must have the SAME number of PROTONS (positive charges) and ELECTRONS
(negative charges).
9.
Elements on the Periodic Table that are very REACTIVE can bond (or join) easily with other elements. The
most reactive elements on the Periodic Table are found in Groups ONE (Alkali Metals) and SEVENTEEN
(Halogens).
10. The elements listed in Group 18 are called NOBLE GASES because their atoms have a FULL set of electrons in
their outermost energy levels, which makes them stable and UNREACTIVE.
11. Every element found on the Periodic Table has its own SYMBOL, which is a shortened way of writing its name.
In most cases, the name of each element matches its chemical symbol. This means that the chemical
symbol is either the first letter (upper case) or first two letters (first letter upper case, second letter lower case)
of the elements name. However, there are exceptions to this rule. There are 11 elements (Sodium, Potassium,
Tungsten, Iron, Copper, Silver, Gold, Mercury, Tin, Lead, and Antimony) whose symbols match their Latin
names and not their current names.
12. Most elements on the Periodic Table are METALS and include examples such as copper, gold, silver, iron, and
aluminum. Most of these elements are SOLIDS at room temperature, SHINY in appearance, and are able to
be STRETCHED, HAMMERED, or MOLDED into different shapes. These elements also tend to be very good
CONDUCTORS of heat and electricity.
13. Elements on the Periodic Table that have properties that are opposite of metals are called NONMETALS and
includes examples like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, chlorine, and sulfur. Most of these elements are SOLIDS or
GASES at room temperature, DULL (NOT SHINY) in appearance, and CANNOT be stretched into wires. These
elements are also POOR conductors of heat and electricity.
14. Elements on the Periodic Table that have properties of both metals and nonmetals are called METALLOIDS.
These elements tend to conductor electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals. Examples of
these elements include boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, polonium, and astatine.
These elements are found sandwiched BETWEEN the metals and nonmetals on the Periodic Table.
Seventh Grade Science
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Image of Periodic Table from Glencoe Physical Science Textbook Copyright © 2005 by McGraw Hill Companies (ISBN: 0-07-869507-4)
Seventh Grade Science
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