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Transcript
Industrial Revolution Steam Power, Gasoline Power, Invention of Rapid Steel Manufacturing, Electrical Power, Nuclear Power, Computer Assisted Manufacturing, Artificial Intel. Effects: Excessive rapid changes = tension and stress Causes: 1. Renaissance ideas about life in this world and humanism 2. Scientific revolution of 1600’s and 1700’s speeds up invention. 3. Agricultural revolution = machines increasing food production = + population increase. 4. Commercial banking revolution: Expands trade and markets. This causes a great demand for new products which = new jobs. Entrepreneurs and inventor make large sums of money and spend it building factories and developing cheaper and faster ways to make things: Hand-made (☼☼☼☼☼) becomes machine-made. Society rapidly moves from farming to manufacturing. 5. Rise of Capitalism: selling for a profit creates more new wealth and millions of new jobs, starting in England, spreading to Germany and France then to North America. Reasons: Population of Europe doubles because of food supplies large population shift to cities and a skilled population of many workers are employed in new factories in Europe and Asia 6. Natural Resources and Geography made England number 1 in industrial Revolution. Countries with large supplies of coal. Iron ore, and many natural harbors like England, soon join the Industrial Revolution. (Other countries are SOL) England’s large navy and fleet of commercial ships convert to steam power, make England number 1, in trade in the world. 7. Industrial Revolution, although slow at first in USA, quickly expands because of democratic freedoms and USA’s huge natural resources, large immigrant population, and inventions helps USA to catch up with Europe. . Mr. Simon - World History Industrial Revolution Economic Effects: New inventions and development of factories ○Rapidly growing industry in the 1800’s ○ Increased Production due to use of machine tools and higher demand for steel, iron, and coal ○ Rapid growth of worldwide trade ○ Population explosion with larger labor force, also better mechanized farming methods ○ Exploitation of the mineral resources ○ Highly developed banking and investment system ○ Major advances in transportation and communication, air, water, noise population Social Effects: Long hours (up to 18) worked by adults and children ○ Doubling of population of European and American cities ○ Poor or NO city planning ○ Loss of family stability ○ Expansion of a new middle class ○ Very bad working conditions for workers ○ Battle between better working conditions and demand for profits ○ Improved standards of living for some people ○ Improved sanitation ○ Creation of millions of new jobs ○ Great government and support for technology and progress/invention Political effects: Attempt to correct bad social conditions that take 100 + years to fix ○ Child labor laws end abuses and exploitation of children ○ Reformers demanding greater distribution of wealth and progress ○ Growth of a world: wide organized labor union movement ○ New economic theories to reform industrial society: isms such as communism, socialism, utilitarianism, and utopianism ○ Reform legislation in English Parliament and US to reform society ○ Increased polarization of American Political parties. ○ Democratic = Labor and reform ○ Republican = wealthy, capitalism, and a professional management class. Mr. Simon - World History Industrial Revolution In 1880 - 1920: Era of Industrialization and Reform Urbanization: + Rapid growth of population from the farms/rural area to the major cities Industrialization: + Rapid spread of machine tools replacing human labor and growth or large scale industrial production especially railroads and steel Unionism: ☼☼☼☼☼ + Growth of the organized labor movement and rise of workers political parties -> STRIKE! Collective and Bargaining: + Negotiation between workers and owners to reach agreement on wages, hours, and working conditions Capitalism: + Economic system: private and corporate ownership, and corporations control means of production to make and earn Profits. Socialism: + Economic system: government ownership of means of production to attempt an equal distribution of wealth= is very inefficient but private property was allowed Communism: + Economic and political system based on one-party political government and total state ownership of property and means of production= undemocratic and repressive and grossly inefficient. Found by a German man named Karl Mary Progressivism: + Social and political movement to reform government restore economic opportunity, correct socialism Populism: + Late 1800’s political injustice movement seeking to advance interest of farmers and non-skilled workers Darwinism: Theory of natural evolution and the “survival of the fittest” through natural selection Social Darwinism: + Economic and social philosophy saying that unregulated competition ensured survival of the fittest > extinction of others Imperialism: + Policy in which a strong nation seeks to contact a weaker nation, economically, politically, and socially. Monopoly: + Exclusive ownership of an entire industry and the ability to control prices eliminates competition Mr. Simon - World History Industrial Revolution Date Event 1800 J.M. Jacquard invents a mechanical loom. Alessandro Volta invents the first electrical battery. Freidrich Winzer is the first person to patent gas lighting. 1804 Richard Trevithick of England invents the first steam powered locomotive 1810 First tin can invented by Peter Durand 1814 First photograph taken by Joseph Niépce, it took eight hours to develop due to weak chemicals 1824 Portland Cement, the modern building material is invented 1825 Electromagnet invented by William Sturgeon in England. Modern matches invented by John Walker 1827 Microphone invented by Charles Wheatstone 1830 Cyrus H. McCormick, an American, invents a grain reaper 1834 Henry Blair patents a corn planter: 2nd black to hold a patent in his name 1835 American John Ericson co-invents a screw propeller 1836 Revolver Pistol invented by Samuel Colt. American Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse. 1838 Morse Code invented by Samuel Morse: American. Rubber Vulcanization invented by Charles Goodyear: American. 1841 Stapler invented by Samuel Slocum 1844 Sewing Machine invented by Elias Howe: American 1849 Safety Pin invented by Walter Hunt. Dishwasher is invented by Joel Houghton 1857 Pullman Sleeping Car invented by George Pullman: American 1858 Internal Combustion Engine invented by Jean Lenoir 1860 Safe Elevator with break system invented by Elisha Otis 1861 Bicycle invented by Pierre Michaux. Cylinder Lock invented by Linus Yale. Mr. Simon - World History Industrial Revolution Mr. Simon - World History