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Name ______________________________
Period __________
On Level Biology
Unit 7 Test Review
Test Information: Cell Cycle, Mitosis (Ch 6); DNA Structure and Function (Ch 9);
Meiosis (Ch 7); Reproductive Systems (Ch 24 & 43)
1. What are:
a. Chromosomes – DNA coiled tightly in preparation for mitosis
b. Sister chromatids – exact copies of DNA, joined at centromere
c. Homologous chromosomes – similar chromosomes, one from each
parent
2. What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes? Autosomes
are chromosomes that do not determine sex (#1-22 in humans), sex
chromosomes determine sex of individual (#23 in humans; XX or XY)
3. What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes? Somatic cells are
diploid body cells; gametes are haploid sex cells (sperm and egg)
4. What is the correct order of the cell cycle? – including the three phases of
interphase G1 – S – G2 – M - C
5. What is divided in mitosis? The nucleus
6. Mitosis produces cells that are a(n) ____exact__________ copy of the parent
cell.
7. What is divided in cytokinesis? The cell membrane (and cell wall, in plants)
8. What is different between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells? Plant cells form
a cell plate during cytokinesis
9. What happens in each phase of the cell cycle: (Be specific)
a. G1 – growth of cell, carries out metabolic processes
b. S – DNA replicates
c. G2 – cell continues to grow (twice amount of DNA in nucleus)
d. Prophase – nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes are visible
e. Metaphase – chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
f. Anaphase – sister chromatids begin to be pulled apart
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On Level Biology
g. Telophase – nuclear membrane forms around chromatids and
chromosomes start to unwind
h. Cytokinesis – cell membrane is pinched to form two identical cells
10. What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle? Make sure DNA is copied
correctly and cell is healthy enough to divide
11. What are cancer cells? Cells that divide out of control
12. What is binary fission? Cell division in prokaryotes
a. What organisms perform it? bacteria
b. What is the result? Two identical cells, clones
13. What are the three components of DNA? Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, and
nitrogen bases
14. Which nitrogen base does Adenine bond with? Thymine
15. Which nitrogen base does Cytosine bond with? Guanine
16. What type of bonds hold nitrogen bases together? Hydrogen bonds
17. What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells? Haploid cells have
half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell; diploid cells have the
same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
18. What is the diploid number of chromosomes for humans? __46___ The haploid
number? _23___
19. How can you tell the difference between a male and a female by looking at a
karyotype? Males have an X and a Y chromosome; females have two X
chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are #23 in the karyotype.
20. Meiosis produces __4__ cells each with ___half___ the number of
chromosomes as the original cell.
21. Name 3 things that contribute to genetic variation in meiosis.
Crossing over
Independent assortment
Random fertilization
22. What is asexual reproduction? Offspring is produced by one parent cell
23. What is sexual reproduction? Offspring is produced by two parent cells
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Period __________
On Level Biology
24. What is oogenesis? The production of eggs through meiosis
25. What is the scientific name for eggs? ovum
Ovaries of female
Where are they produced?
26. What is the flow of an egg through the female reproductive system? Ovary to
fallopian tubes to uterus
27. What is spermatogenesis? The production of sperm through meiosis
28. Where are sperm cells produced? Testes of males
29. What is the flow of sperm through the male reproductive system? Testes to
epididymis to vas deferens into urethra which passes through penis
30. Be able to label the plant structures on the image below:
31. List the functions of the plants structures in the image above.
Petal – attracts pollinators
Sepal – supports ovary
Stamen – male plant structure
Anther – produces pollen (sperm cells)
Filament – supports anther
Pistil – female plant structure
Stigma – sticky structure that accepts pollen
Style – supports stigma
Ovary – where eggs are produced and seed develops from fertilized egg