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Name _______________
Blk _____
Chapter 3 – The Immune System Protects the
Human Body
3.1 The Immune System (pages 100-106)
1) 150 years ago, what were the chances that you might die
from having surgery? _____________________
2) Joseph Lister’s research suggested that
______________________ in the _______ might be the
cause of the high death rate.
3) What is another word for “germs”? _________________
4) What solution did Joseph Lister come up with to help
reduce the death rate after surgery?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
5) What did Joseph Lister do to ‘test’ out his hypothesis?
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
6) Was he correct in his thinking? _____________________
7) Disease-causing organisms and substances can infect people
and cause _____________________________.
8) Look at table 3.1. Name the four WAYS to transmit
infectious disease listed in your text book.
a. _________________________________
b. _________________________________
c. _________________________________
d. _________________________________
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Name _______________
Blk _____
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE
9) What is the name of the system in the body that helps
defend against pathogens? ________________________
10) What is the first line of defense against infectious
diseases?
_____________________________________________
11) How does your skin STOP pathogens from entering your
body?
__________________________________________
12) How does your skin STOP the GROWTH of pathogens on
it’s SURFACE?
_____________________________________________
____________________________________________
13)
How does the lining of the stomach stop pathogens
from attacking the digestive system?
_______________________________________________
14)
How does the inside of the nose stop pathogens from
entering the respiratory system?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE
15)
If a pathogen makes it past the first line of defense,
your body can mount an ___________________________
16)
Whether or not this second line of defense is
successful depends on your body’s ability to
_____________________________________________
17)
What does your immune system do to unknown cells
(invaders)? ____________________________________
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Name _______________
Blk _____
18)
The second line of defense includes two types of
immune responses. What are they?
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
19)
Which of the above two types are all living things able
to mount because they are born with it?
___________________________________
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE
20)
The innate immune response to invading pathogens is
____________ and _________________________.
21)
Innate immune responses are usually mounted against
___________________ and ______________________
22)
What is the first action in the innate immune
response? _____________________________________
23)
What is the result of the first action in the body
(what does it cause?) ____________________________
24)
What is another word for swelling and redness in an
area of the body? _____________________________
25)
Look at figure 3.5 on page 103. This is a picture of
inflamed tonsils (known as tonsillitis). What causes this to
happen? _____________________________________
26)
Along with inflammation, the body increases the
number of _________________ cells. These are also
called ___________________________.
27)
Describe how these cells fight infection:
______________________________________________
28)
Draw your own picture illustrating an innate immune response:
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Name _______________
Blk _____
ACQUIRED IMMUNE RESPONSE
29)
What is an acquired immune response?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
29) What is an antigen? ___________________________
_______________________________________________
30)
How is an antigen different from a pathogen?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
31)
Your immune system can mount an acquired immune
response in two ways. Both ways involve which type of white
blood cells?
________________ and __________________
32)
How long might this type of immune response take?
_____________________________________________
B CELLS IN ACTION
33) In the first process in an acquired immune response, what do
the B cells do? __________________________________
34) What particles do B cells produce to fight antigens?
_____________________________________________
35) How do these particles help stop infection? (2 ways):
a. ___________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________
36) See figure 3.7 on page 104. This diagram is given again below.
Label the diagram to show the antigens, antibodies and antigenbinding sites.
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Name _______________
Blk _____
T CELLS IN ACTION
37) The second process in an acquired immune response begins
when an antigen or pathogen is
_____________________________________________.
38) After a white blood cell recognizes an antigen, it signals for
new cells to be produced. These cells are called __________
39) What do these cells do? ___________________________
______________________________________________
40) After B cells produce antibodies that can attack the antigen,
what happens to some of the antibodies?
______________________________________________
41) Why is it good to have some antibodies remaining in the body?
______________________________________________
42) Look at figure 3.8 on page 105. In the boxes below, draw each
stage of an acquired immune response (label your drawings).
Recognition
Mobilization
Disposal
Immunity
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Name _______________
Blk _____
43) A second type of T cell is called the __________________
44) How are these T cells different from other T cells?
_____________________________________________
44) All acquired immune responses give you
__________________________________________
45) Why do people (usually) get chicken pox ONLY once?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
46) What is the name given to B cells that remember antigens
and pathogens and can be reactivated if the same invader
reappears? _________________________________
3.2 Factors Affecting the Immune System (p.110-117)
JENNER’S FAMOUS EXPERIMENT
47) Outline how Edward Jenner later developed a vaccine for smallpox.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
VACCINES
48) You can think of a vaccine as a _______________ form of a disease.
49) Vaccines work by stimulating your immune system to create
_________________ against the disease.
50) If the antigen enters your body in the future, the antibodies can be
__________________.
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Name _______________
Blk _____
DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
51) Sometimes the immune system __________________, working
against the body rather than protecting it.
ALLERGIES
52) An _________________ is an unusually high sensitivity to some
substance.
53) Any substance that causes an allergic reaction is called an
___________________.
54) Common symptoms of an allergy, such as a runny nose and watery eyes,
result from a side effect of a substance called
___________________.
55) Define anaphylactic shock.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
56) To date, AIDS has resulted in the death of more than
_________________ people worldwide and currently affects more
than _________________ people.
57) AIDS is caused by the __________________________________
virus.
58) Explain the difference between AIDS and HIV.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
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Name _______________
Blk _____
59) What TWO body fluids is HIV mainly transmitted in?

_____________________

_____________________
60) Explain why it has been very difficult to develop a vaccine for AIDS.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Just for laughs....
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