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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet Astronomy - Chapter 2 Review WORD BANK: BLACK HOLE RED GIANT ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE H-R DIAGRAM WHITE DWARF MAIN SEQUENCE SUPER NOVA NEBULA LIGHT-YEAR APPARENT MAGNITUDE PARALLAX USING KEY TERMS 1. The distance that light travels in space in 1 year is called a _______________. 2. An object that is so massive that light cannot escape its gravity is called a ___________ ___________. 3. A large, reddish star that is late in its life cycle is called a _______ ________. 4. A small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star is called a ___________ ____________. 5. A cloud of gases and dust that forms before the birth of a star is a _________. 6. An apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations is _____________________________. UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Multiple Choice _____ 7. A scientist can identify a star’s composition by looking at a. the star’s prism. b. the star’s continuous spectrum. c. the star’s absorption spectrum. d. the star’s color. _____ 8. The majority of stars in our galaxy are a. blue stars. b. white dwarfs. c.main-sequence stars. d. red giants. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 42 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ _____ 9. Why do black lines appear on an absorption spectrum? a. They show where too much light is absorbed by a star’s atmosphere. b. They show where less light is absorbed by a star’s atmosphere. c. They are the emission lines of an electrically charged element. d. They show where a star has black spots. _____ 10. What objects are formed from the materials in the core of a supernova? a. black holes and supergiants b. red giants and white dwarfs c. black holes and neutron stars d . neutron stars and white dwarfs Short Answer 11. Describe how scientists classify stars. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 12. Explain how stars at different stages in their life cycle appear on the H-R diagram. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 13. Explain the difference between the apparent motion and actual motion of stars. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 14. Describe how color indicates the temperature of a star. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 43 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ 15. Making Comparisons: Explain the differences between main-sequence stars, giant stars, and white dwarfs. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 16. Evaluating Data: Why do astronomers use absolute magnitudes to plot stars? Why don’t astronomers use apparent magnitudes to plot stars? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Critical thinking 17. Concept Mapping: Use the following terms to create a concept map: main-sequence star, nebula, red giant, white dwarf, neutron star, and black hole. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 44 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Interpreting graphs The graph below shows Hubble’s law, which relates how far galaxies are from Earth and how fast they are moving away from Earth. Use the graph below to answer the questions that follow. 18. Look at the point that represents galaxy A in the graph. How far is galaxy A from Earth, and how fast is it moving away from Earth? Distance = ____________________________________________________________ Speed = ______________________________________________________________ 19. If a galaxy is moving away from Earth at 15,000 km/s, how far is the galaxy from Earth? ____________________________________________________________________ 20. If a galaxy is 90,000,000 light-years from Earth, how fast is it moving away from Earth? ____________________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 45 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Use the H-R Diagram to answer the following questions: 21. What is the spectral type for the star Naos? ________________________ 22. What is its average surface temperature? __________________________ 23. What is the absolute magnitude of the star Asterion? ________________ 24. How does this compare to the magnitude of our sun? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 25. Compare and contrast the star Arcturus to the star Procyon. Which star has a higher surface temperature? Which is older? Explain your reasoning. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and technology 46 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe