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1 Running head: DISCUSSION—FREUDIAN THEORY Discussion—Freudian Theory Student’s name Institutional affiliation Discussion—Freudian Theory 2 Discussion—Freudian Theory Freudian Theory Sigmund Freud What do you consider to be Freud’s most significant contribution to the discipline of psychology? The most significant contribution that Freud has made to the discipline of physiology is the conception of unconsciousness. During the period of 19th century there was a dominant trend in the thoughts of the western people that was positivism, the trend claimed that people were capable of accumulating true knowledge concerning themselves and the globe as a whole, and they could exercise balanced control over them both. Contrary to that, Freud suggested that all these claims were totally delusions and that people are not totally aware of exactly what others are really thinking about, and in many cases people acted for reason that had nothing in common with their conscious thoughts (Pigman, 2005). Of his different theories, which one do you feel is the most controversial? Psychosexual Development theory is the most controversial theory of Feud. In this theory Freud believed that infants had sexual experiences and could even get fixated in particular stages if they lacked sexual gratification. According to this theory, oral stage, a child experiences sexual pleasure in the mouth, the second stage, or the anal stage, the child is able to experience pleasures through bowel movements. Fraud continues to state that in the third stage the child puts more focus on the genitals and even the child gets some sexual attraction the parent of the opposite sex. in the next step , that is also known as the Latency stage, the child gets unconscious Discussion—Freudian Theory 3 sexual impulses, while in the last stage, Fraud states that it the stage that sexual impulses now become conscious and the teenager can now get t sexual relationship (Virginia, 2007). What life factors and socio - cultural factors do you think led Freud to come to the conclusions that he did? The factors that contributed to Freud coming up with the conclusions that he came up with was the realization was the difficulty of finding effective treatment for people suffering from hysterical systems or neurotic symptoms. The realization that there were some mental processes which failed to be conscious came to him while he was employed in a Children's Hospital as neurological consultant. He noted that most of aphasic children lacked any apparent organic origin for their symptoms (Virginia, 2007). Why do many people disagree with the development of Freud’s theories? In general psychology and even popular culture today Many people disagree with Freud’s theory because Freud failed to test all his theories. He also ignored most of the collected evidence he had, and worse he even made false and destroyed all the data behind his theory. People complain that Freud created theories that are not testable, and that he disobeyed the Occam’s razor. Identify a few ideas and terms that can be traced back to Freud. Even though most of Freud's ideas have failed to get much favor or have been modified by different analysts, and modern advances in psychology have shown failures in most of his theories, Freud’s work remains to be influential in many clinical approaches, and in some humanities as well as in social sciences. He is still considered as one of the greatest famous Discussion—Freudian Theory 4 thinkers of the beginning of 20th century, especially in terms of originality and in terms of intellectual influences (Pigman, 2005). Psychoanalytic and neo-psychoanalytic theory, Superiority Striving (Martin Luther king) What might be the motivation behind this leader’s career choice, according to Adler’s theory? According to Adlerian theory people do have moments in life when they experience inferior moments that are generated from experiences of their childhood. The way of life and social communication in connection to Martin Luther king childhood could have largely influenced his character, as he developed into a prominent figure, a peaceful leader who was supported by every African American in the American movement which involved both racial as well as social injustice According to the Adler’s theory, career choice of Martin Luther King could have been motivated by the inferiority impacts of human development during his experiences of early childhood. Martin experienced an environment where people felt inferior during their childhood and growth in general just because they were blacks. What was this person’s perceived inferiority or weakness? Martin was perceived to be very submissive to the orders of the communities that were considered to be of superior level. He was perceived to be feminine and lacking any masculinity or power to defend himself during his growing up. he was also considered to be non – violent and he even brought a lot of change in America through using a method that was totally peaceful even though very influential. Discussion—Freudian Theory 5 How did this person obtain his or her high level of superiority striving? The highest level of superiority striving of King during this period was the 1963 March in Washington. Around 250,000 people joined in the marched to commemorate the Emancipation Proclamation in 100 years., leaders like Stokely Carmichael gave their stirring speeches to the enormous crowd during this marches well as the ‘I have a dream’ speech that was given by Luther. This was the highest striving because the people displayed the power movement had. The extra populace supports something; the extra likely the administration will give attention and address the case (Richard, 2006) What was his/her goal and unique style of life that could be used to achieve this goal? Martin Luther King goal was to raise the community consciousness of racial discrimination, to end it and segregation in America. his goal was also racial equality. in his style, King created series of smaller achievements that concerned confined waged people campaigns for equivalent rights for the African Americans What steps did this person take to overcome their perceived inferiority? To overcome his perceived inferiority, Martin Luther King, led people t marches and spoke with a strong voice against the discrimination of the black people. Martin believed both whites and blacks were totally equal and therefore he fought for the blacks civil rights. Discussion—Freudian Theory 6 Did this leader act out of social interest or for personal gain? Martin Luther king did not act for personal gain. He had the social interest of his community in mind and that was the reason why he began with small campaigns so as to convince the people f their rights before he took a bigger step What was the long-term outcome of his/her striving? The long term outcome of Martin Luther King is that Americans finally became equals and now blacks can go to any school and work eve in formal jobs, unlike formally when they were living in isolations. Birth Order how would you apply Adler’s theory of birth order to this personality? From the personality of Martin Luther king, the Adler’s theory totally applies. This especially to the fact that he did and took the steps he took due to the pain and discrimination he went through as a black child. Discussion—Freudian Theory 7 References Pigman, G. (2005). "Freud and the history of empathy". The International journal of psychoanalysis Virginia A. (2007). Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry. 10th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Richard W. (2006). African-American Orators: A Bio-critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing