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Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Page 1 of 8 Name_______________________________________________ Simple Animals Match the phylum with the description or example. Some have more than one answer, which is indicated by a number in paranthesis. 1. ___ Stinging cells 2. ___ flatworms A. Porifera 3. ___ bilateral symmetry (2) B. Cnidaria 4. ___ gastrovascular cavity (2) C. Platyhelminthes 5. ___ roundworms D. Nematoda 6. ___ complete digestive tract 7. ___ planarian 8. ___ jellyfish 9. ___ filter feeders 10. ___ all are sessile 11. ___ tapeworm 12. ___ anus 13. ___ nematocysts 14. ___ tentacles 15. ___ fluke Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Page 2 of 8 Name_______________________________________________ Comparing Mollusks Chart Using what you know about the three major classes of mollusks, complete the chart below by checking the correct column or columns for each characteristic. Characteristic 1. Intelligent, well developed nervous system 2. Has no distinct head 3. Has an open circulatory system 4. External shells present in some species 5. Bite prey with beak 6. Uses gills for both respiration and food collection 7. All species are carnivorous predators 8. Uses a radula for feeding 9. Can change color for camouflage 10. Can form pearls 11. Use a type of jet propulsion for movement 12. Has bilateral symmetry 13. Has a two part hinged shell 14. Is an invertebrate 15. Some species are venomous Type of Mollusk Gastropods Bivalves Cephalopods Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Page 3 of 8 Arthropods Arthropods are a group of animals (belonging to the Animal Kingdom) that have a hard exoskeleton, body segments and jointed appendages. There are three main groups within the Phylum Arthropoda. Insects Insects have three body segments, the head, thorax (middle region) and the abdomen. Often you can see segments on the abdomen of insects. Locate all the insects on the coloring sheet and color the head red, the thorax yellow and the abdomen green. Insects have three sets of legs which attach to the thorax. Color all the insect legs blue . You will also note that each insect has a pair of antenna, color or shade over the antenna in grey. The mouthparts of insects have a pair of mandibles that chew food. Unlike the teeth of other animals, mandibles open from side to side. Locate the mandibles (they are only visible on two of the insects pictured) and color the mandibles purple . Some, but not all insects have wings, which also attach to the thorax. Color the wings pink . An additional body part can be seen on the grasshopper, and covering near the wings that is hard and protective called the carapace - color the carapace brown . Arachnids Arachnids are a group of arthropods that include spiders and ticks. They have two body parts: the cephalothorax (head-middle) and the abdomen. Color the cephalothorax orange and the abdomen green . Arachnids have 8 legs, instead of the 6 you find in insects. Color the legs blue . Notice that arachnids do not have antennae, but you can see the mandibles on the spider pictured, you should have already colored the mandibles purple. Crustaceans Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that mainly live in the water; they include lobsters, crabs, shrimp and crayfish. Crustaceans usually have two body segments, the cephalothorax (orange) and the abdomen (green). The number of appendages on crustaceans can vary, and many of them have large claws, used for capturing prey. Color the claws on the lobster brown and the large legs attached to the thorax blue . Notice the little legs attached to the abdomen on the lobster which the animal uses for swimming. These appendages are called swimmerets - color them dark blue . Crustaceans also have antennae - color grey. Centipede This animal belongs to an entirely different class from the others. Centipedes have long flat bodies and many legs. In fact, the word "centipede" means "hundred legs", though centipedes can actually have more or less than a hundred. Color the legs of the centipede blue and each of its body segments red and the antennae grey . Centipedes are often poisonous and are related to the nonpoisonous millipede. Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Page 4 of 8 Questions: 1. How many body segments does an insect have? ____ How many legs? ____ 2. How many body segments does an arachnid have? ____ How many legs? ____ 3. Which groups of arthropods have antennae? ______________________________________ 4. What part of the body can you see segmentation? _____________________ 5. What are the chewing mouthparts of arthropods called? ____________________ 6. To what part of the body do the wings attach? ________________________ 7. The head and thorax are fused together in some arthropods to form the _______________ 8. What does the word "centipede" mean? ____________________________________ Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Page 5 of 8 Arthropods are animals that have jointed legs. Three-fourths of all the different animal types belong to this group. For each group below, determine the name of the group and give examples. Insecta Class or Subphylum arachnid crustacean centipede Characteristics round, segmented body two pairs of legs per segment also known as myriapods "thousand feet" flattened, segmented body one pair of legs per segment also known as myriapods "hundred feet" hard, flexible exoskeleton gills branched antennae two body sections - abdomen & celphalothorax mostly aquatic two body sections - abdomen & cephalothorax no antennae four pairs of legs chelicerae and pedipalps spinnerets three body sections one pair of unbranched antennae three pairs of legs mandibles Examples Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Name:______________________________________________ Page 6 of 8 Date:_____________________ Echinoderms Starfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins all belong to a group (phylum) of invertebrates known as echinoderms. The word "echinoderm" means spiny skin, which describes most of the organisms in this phylum. Echinoderms all live in water and are predators or scavengers, the underside of the animal has a mouth and their arms are used to pry open shelled prey such as mollusks. One of the more unusual aspects of echinoderms is their ability to regenerate lost arms. A starfish that loses an arm can grow a new one if just a couple of weeks. Echinoderms are radially symetrical, which is obvious from the way their stars (which can vary in number) radiate from the mouth opening. Echinoderms are usually found in the shallow water near the shore. They spend much of the time resting in the sand or on rocks. Starfish can move using specialized structures called tube feet. Each arm of the starfish has hundreds of tubes with suckers on them to help them navigate over rocks and sand. The suction of the tube feet is powerful enough to open even the most stubborn clam shell. The movement and circulation of a sea star is accomplished by canals within the animal that fill with water, a system called the water vascular system. Echinoderms do not have a highly developed nervous system, but they do have a nerve ring that surrounds the mouth and helps to coordinate their movements and responses. Sensory cells on their arms gather information about their surroundings, such as light and temperature to help the organism respond to its environment. Starfish are an important part of shoreline ecosystems. In one experiment, a starfish (Pisaster ochraceous) was removed from an area. This starfish was a predator of many mussel species in that location. With the starfish removed, it was thought that the mussels would achieve greater diversity. On the contrary, with the top predator gone, one particular species of mussel came to dominate the community and crowded out all of the other species. In this sense, the starfish is known as a "keystone" species, which is an animal that is important for maintaining a community's biodiversity. A relative of the starfish, the sea urchin, is an important part of kelp communities where sea otters live. There are several distinct groups of echinoderms related to sea stars (also known as starfish). Sea urchins and sand dollars are grouped together because they have large solid plates that form around their soft bodies. Sea urchins have hundreds of spines sticking off of their bodies, which can serve as a defense against predators. Sand dollars tend to be flat and will spend most of their time submerged under the sand in shallow waters. Brittle stars are a group of echinoderms found mainly on coral reefs. They have very long flexible arms that can break off (and regenerated later). These broken arms will continue to wiggle and move to distract a predator and allow the organism to escape. Sea cucumbers are odd little creatures that resemble a cucumbers, hence their name. Sea cucumbers usually feed on dead or decaying organic matter on the ocean floor. Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Page 7 of 8 Anatomy of a Starfish - match the letter to the description 1. The anus is found on the top of a starfish, this is where wastes are removed. _____ 2. The mouth is on the opposite side of the anus, food is taken in here: _____ 3. Large and centrally located between the mouth and anus is the stomach, where food is digested: ____ 4. The ring canal surrounding the stomach, part of the starfish's water vascular system: ____ 5. The radial canal extends from the ring canal and into the starfish's arms, also part of the vascular system: ____ 6. Attached to the radial canal are the tiny tube feet with suckers: ____ 7. Digestive glands are located within the arms of the starfish, chemicals help break down food: _____ Phyla of the Animal Kingdom Biology 11 Page 8 of 8 Questions: ___ 1. What type of echinoderm has flexible arms that are easily broken to escape predators: a) Brittle Stars b) Sea Stars c) Sea Cucumbers d) Sea Urchins ___ 2. Sea stars belong to what Phylum? a) Invertebrata b) Arthropoda c) Nematoda d) Echinodermata ___ 3. How do most star fish get their food? a) Filter feeding b) Scavenging c) Predation of small animals d) Eating plants and algae ___ 4. Which echinoderm is grouped with a sea urchin? a) sea cucumber b) sand dollar c) sea star d) brittle star ___ 5. An echinoderm that has a large number of spines attached to it is probably a: a) sand dollar b) brittle star c) sea star d) sea urchin ___ 6. Ring canals and radial canals are both part of the ______ system. a) circulatory b) water vascular c) muscular d) digestive ___ 7. The process of regrowing body parts is called: a) regeneration b) homeostasis c) vasculation d) biodiversity ___ 8. What type of symmetry does a brittle star have? a) bilateral b) open-ended c) radial d) oblong ___ 9. Where is the anus of a starfish located? a) At the end of an arm b) on its underside c) on its top side d) starfish do not have an anus ___ 10. A "keystone" species is often a(n): a) top predator b) endangered species c) dominant species d) parasite ___ 11. Sea otters share their habitat with what other important organisms? a) starfish & brittle stars b) kelp & sea urchins c) sea cucumbers & mussels d) whales & sharks ___ 12. If you remove the starfish from a shoreline area, what happens to the mussel populations: a) they become extinct b) one species crowds out all of the others ___ 13. The word "echinoderm" means: a) big foot b) hairy toe c) the area becomes more biodiverse c) tube feet d) spiny skin