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Study Questions
What types of energy are released by catabolism?
Describe the ATP/ADP System.
How does cellulose benefit the body?
Explain the importance of NADH and FADH2.
Where does glycolysis occur? What does it produce?
Where does the CAC occur? What does it produce?
Where does the ETS occur? What does it produce?
Describe the ETS.
What is the importance of oxygen in the ETS?
What does the body do if oxygen is not available at the end of the ETS?
How many ATP molecules are created for each glucose molecule that is catabolized?
What is the purpose of glycogenesis? When does it occur? Provide an example.
What is the purpose of glycogenolysis? When does it occur? Provide an example.
What is the purpose of gluconeogenesis? How is it different than glycogenolysis?
What hormones are responsible for regulating carbohydrate metabolism?
What hormones act to decrease blood glucose levels? Increase blood glucose levels?
Where are insulin and glucagon produced? What cells produce each?
What is the difference between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?
What types of lipids are ingested in the diet? Why are they important?
Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats.
What are lipids transported as?
Describe the difference between LDLs and HDLs. Which ones are good? Bad? Why?
Explain lipid catabolism? What are fats broken down do and how are they used by the body?
Explain lipid anabolism? How are fats created and stored by the body?
List the hormones that control lipid metabolism.
Differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids.
Why is protein anabolism considered to be primary and catabolism secondary?
How are proteins broken down and used by the body?
Describe protein and nitrogen balance.
Read Box 27-9 on page 806.
What is the major difference between vitamins and minerals?
What role do vitamins and minerals server in the body?
How can too many vitamins damage the body?
Differentiate between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
What is meant by basal conditions?
What factors influence the BMR?
What factors influence the total metabolic rate?
What factors influence the appetite center?
What happens if the satiety center is stimulated?