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10 pts. This man is the quintessential absolute monarch of Europe. Louis XIV of France
**Explain one thing that Louis the XIV did in order to decrease the power of the nobles. He
encouraged them to come and live at Versailles. Once there, he distracted them by encouraging them to
compete against one another for small signs of favor from Louis XIV. He also encouraged them to go
broke by spending lavishly on clothing, gambling and food and thus they became dependent on Louis
XIV’s largesse.
20 pts. This man modernized Russia when he expanded the military and reorganized the governmental
bureaucracy. Peter the Great
**Peter the Great was trying to replicate the governments from this region? Western Europe
30 pts. This king of Spain saw himself as the “Protector of Catholicism”. Philip II
**Identify one thing that Philip did in order to protect Catholicism. He tried to get the Netherlands
under his strict control and he tried to root out all Protestantism there. He also launched the Spanish
armada against the English because he thought that Elizabeth was aiding the Dutch, and Philip wanted
to root out the English heresy of Anglicanism.
40 pts Which demographic group was most likely to be persecuted during the witchcraft trials?
Widowed women
**Chronologically, what was the relationship between the Salem Witch Trials and the European Witch
trials? They came after the European witch trials had pretty much fizzled out.
50 pts. This king of England was beheaded as a result of the English Civil War. Charles I
**In what century did the English Civil War begin? 17th (1640s)
60 pts. What were the nicknames of the two groups of people who were fighting during the English
Civil War? The Royalists and the Roundheads (Cavaliers v. Parliamentarians)
**What were the Roundheads fighting for? The power of the parliament
70 pts. Put the following English rulers in order: Charles I, James I, Elizabeth, James II, Charles II,
Oliver Cromwell, William and Mary. Elizabeth, James I, Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II, James
II, William and Mary
**Elizabeth ruled England during the second half of this century. The 16th (1500s)
Religion
10 pts. What were the names of the English Calvinists who wanted to purge the Anglican church of all
Catholic influences? The Puritans
**James II granted religious toleration to both the Puritans and the Catholics. What ended up stopping
him from fully implementing that reform? The Glorious Revolution
20 pts. The Test Act that Charles II was forced to sign by the Parliament excluded these two groups of
people from holding public office. Puritans and Catholics
**The conflict between Charles II and the Parliament represented a conflict between religious tolerance
and ________________________ monarchy against religious intolerance and limited monarchy.
Absolute
30 pts. Which two groups of people were fighting in the French Wars of Religion? The Huguenots and
the ultra-Catholics.
**Which agreement temporarily ceased the conflict between the two groups? The Edict of Nantes
40 pts. Why was the accession of James II to the throne so objectionable to a significant portion of the
English elite? Because he was Catholic
**Why was the birth of his son a cause for revolution? Because his son was born a Catholic (whereas
his daughters were raised Protestant). His son could have begun a long line of Catholic monarchs in
England which the English nobility was not willing to allow.
50 pts. What was the “English Heresy” according the Philip II of Spain? England’s continued
separation from the Catholic Church under Elizabeth.
**What actions did Elizabeth take to undermine Philip II’s power? She secretly aided the Protestants in
the Netherlands.
60 pts. This act of 1689 gave religious freedom to the Puritans of England. The Toleration Act
**Which major religious group was excluded from the Toleration Act? Catholics
70 pts. What was Louis XIV’s religious policy? He suppressed and kicked out all of the Protestants
**How did Elizabeth attempt to ameliorate the religious tensions in her country? She repealed the
Catholic laws of Mary that had banned Protestantism. This made Protestants happy. She tried to make
Anglicanism more moderate so that Catholics would be more comfortable as well. However, she did not
grant religious toleration. Everyone was supposed to belong to the Anglican Church.
Wars and Foreign policy
10 pts. This was the name for the bloodless coup in England that established the power of the
Parliament and installed William and Mary into power. The Glorious Revolution
**In what year did the Glorious Revolution occur? 1689
20 pts. What was the bloodiest war in all of European history during the medieval and early modern
periods? The Thirty Years War
**True or False: The thirty years war was essentially an internal conflict amongst the German states
and had little impact internationally. False. While it was a civil war many other countries became
involved.
30 pts. In what region did the majority of the conflict during the 30 years war take place? Holy Roman
Empire/Germany
**What started the 30 years war? A conflict between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Bohemians. The
Holy Roman Emperor wanted to impose Catholicism on the Bohemians who were Protestant
40 pts. The defeat of this entity signaled the end of Spain as the world’s leading power. The Spanish
Armada
**Identify one thing that Peter the Great did in order to make his military competitive with European
nations’ militaries. He established a navy and established St. Petersberg as a central power in Russia,
he imported Western weapons, he encouraged nobles to learn science and math so that they could
operate the cannons
50 pts. Which document ended the 30 years war? The Peace of Westphalia
**How did the Peace of Westphalia resolve the religious disputes within the former Holy Roman
Empire? It allowed each German state to determine its own religion and it allowed members of the
minority religion to still practice their religion with only some restrictions.
60 pts. How was Louis XIV’s foreign policy different than Elizabeth’s? Louis XIV was far more
aggressive than Elizabeth’s, he started many wars whereas Elizabeth tried to engage in none. Elizabeth
worked more “behind the scenes” than did Louis.
**What was the effect of Louis XIV’s policy on France? He left the country in debt with unfriendly
neighbors.
70 pts. Why was it ironic that Oliver Cromwell dissolved the parliament after taking power during the
English Civil War? Because he had been fighting on the Roundheads side, the side that was fighting for
the rights of Parliament
**What religion was Oliver Cromwell? Puritan
Art and Culture
10 pts. Who was the most famous playwright from the Elizabethan era? William Shakespeare
**Who is the most famous author from Spain during the early modern era? Cervantes
20 pts. This city was the symbol of Louis XIV’s power in France. Versailles
**Why did Louis XIV want to move away from Paris? He didn’t feel safe there; he felt like a
conspiracy against him could be more readily noticed in Versailles; his lover was in Versailles; he
though having his palace in Versailles would make him seem more grand.
30 pts Who is the most famous artist from the Mannerist school? El Greco
**What is the dominant feature of Mannerism. It uses distorted imagery.
40 pts. This school of art utilized intense emotion, exaggerated motion, drama and tension. Baroque
**Who is the most famous Baroque sculptor? Bernini
50 pts. Name one change in fashion that Peter the Great enforced amongst the people. He encouraged
them to wear European style clothes, for women to stop wearing the veil and for men to shave off their
beards
**True or False: Life for women in the nobility was probably better as a result of Peter’s reforms. True
60 pts. This celebration in Britain originally was meant to symbolize the failure of the Gunpowder plot
against James I. Guy Fawkes Day
**What religion was Guy Fawkes? Catholic
70 pts. How would you distinguish between artwork of French Classicism and the Baroque? French
classicism would be much calmer, less emotional. Things would seem more orderly.
**Who is the most famous French Classicist artist? Poussin
Government and Economics
10 pts. This is the principle that God has chosen a ruler for a country, and therefore that ruler has the
authority to rule. Divine Right
**Why didn’t the English parliament like James I’s embrace of the concept of divine right. Because it
implied that they had little authority to rule.
20 pts. Who was the first tsar of Russia? Ivan the Terrible
**Give one example of how Russia may be returning to absolutism today? Putin has limited free
speech, persecuted critical journalists, put his opponents in jail. He also seems to be trying to maintain
power by ruling through a puppet president, Medvedev.
30 pts. Which country had a limited monarchy during the early modern period? England
**What is a limited monarchy? A government in which the king or queen’s power is limited by law or
another branch of government.
40 pts. This is the term for the idea that a government of a country should be free to rule as it wishes
without outside interference. National sovereignty
**The notion of national sovereignty developed after this war. The 30 years war
50 pts. Mary and William signed this document as a condition upon their taking the throne in 1689. The
English Bill of Rights
**How is the English Bill of Rights different than the US bill of rights? The English bill of rights gives
rights and powers mostly to the parliament, whereas the US Bill of Rights gives rights to the people.
60 pts. Ivan the Terrible implemented an economic system in which peasants were tied to the land.
What is this system? Serfdom
**How did Russia’s economic development compare to Western Europe’s? It was way behind, because
when Ivan was implementing serfdom, Europe was phasing it out.
70 pts. Explain how Hobbes’ experiences in England may have led him to his particular beliefs about
humanity and government. Hobbes lived through the English Civil War and saw the disorder caused
when people struggle for authority. As such, he came to the conclusion that what was necessary was a
strong, absolute monarchy that could control the country.
**Both Hobbes and Locke rejected this concept that was popular amongst monarchs of the time. Divine
Right
Hodgepodge
10 pts. Who became “Lord Protector” of England? Oliver Cromwell
**In what decade did the English Civil War take place? 1640s
20 pts. Which Enlightenment philosopher probably most influenced the writing of the Declaration of
Independence? John Locke
**What were Locke’s three natural rights? Life, liberty and property
30 pts. How did Hobbes and Locke differ on their view of human nature? Hobbes believed that in a
state of nature humans are naturally violent and that life is nasty, brutish and short. Locke believed that
humans are reasonable and can generally solve their own problems.
** How did Hobbes and Locke differ when it came to their view of the ideal government. Locke wanted
a constitutional monarchy, Hobbes wanted an absolute monarchy. Locke believed that the people
should have a say in who governed them, Hobbes believed that whoever can best control the people
should govern.
40 pts. What argument does Steven Pinker make about how society has changed over time? He argues
that we have become less violent.
**Steven Pinker argues that many things may have happened that may have lead to this general decrease
in violence. Identify at least one of the possible causes for this decline that began during this time
period (the 16th- 17th century). “Expanding circle” of compassion- Printing press invention leads to
people understanding other people’s points of view because we can read documents from other
perspectives. Centralized states “monopolize” violence- Stronger governments keep people from
killing each other in order to create political stability. They monopolize violence (only the government
can kill people, people can’t kill each other in vendetta killings.) Note: Non-zero sum games would not
be a good thing here…while trade did increase during the Renaissance, by the nation-building era,
people attempt not to trade with one another because of mercantilism.
50 pts. Why did Calvinist Protestantism have so much power in France during the 1500s when only 7%
of the population was Calvinist? Somewhere between 40-50% of the nobles had become Calvinist.
**Calvinism became more popular in France than this other type of Protestantism popular in mainland
Europe during the time. Lutheranism
60 pts. Identify two effects of Peter the Great’s reforms. Russia became a military power, peasants
became overburdened by taxes, people came to distrust the west.
**True or False: Peter the Great’s reforms made the whole society more western. False, serfdom was
left essentially intact, peasants were not the object of reform.
70 pts Name two possible causes for the witchcraft craze. See your entry about the witchcraft trials in
your notebooks. Possible reasons could be…drug induced paranoia, greed, the desire to blame
someone for the problems of the time, etc.
**Name one possible cause for the end of the witchcraft craze. Governments became stronger and
didn’t want the social disruption that the witchcraft trials inspired, the scientific revolution inspired
people to think more scientifically and less superstitiously, religious tolerance.
Geography and Dates
10 pts. Point to Russia on the map. A
**Point to Spain on the map. E
20 pts. Point to England on the map. C
**Point to Scotland on the map. B
30 pts. Point to the Holy Roman Empire on the map. G
**Point to France on the map. F
40 Point to St. Petersburg on the map. Triangle
**Point to The Netherlands on the map. D
50 pts. Which century did Louis XIV rule during? The 17th century
**During which two centuries did Elizabeth I reign span? The 16th and 17th
60 pts. Identify one country in Europe where the witchcraft craze was strongest. France and the Holy
Roman Empire
**Identify one thing that these two places have in common that might explain why the witchcraft craze
was strong there. They both had significant and bloody religious strife
70 pts. Almost everything we have been studying in this unit has taken place during these two centuries.
The 16th and 17th centuries
**Identify one reason why the witchcraft craze ended during the 17th century. Because of a rise of
scientific thinking and the Enlightenment, increased religious toleration, etc.