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FLOWER ANATOMY
INTRODUCTION
Angiosperms are vascular plants (have water and nutrient conducting structures) that produce
flowers, which contain the plant’s reproductive organs. Within the flower, seeds will be
produced. In angiosperms, seeds are enclosed in a structure called the ovary, which will mature
into a fruit. A flower that possesses the four major floral parts: a corolla (the petals), a calyx (the
sepals), stamen(s) - the male portion of a flower, and pistil(s) - the female portion of a flower is
said to be a complete flower. Additionally, flowers may be either perfect (containing both
stamens and pistils) or imperfect (having either stamens or pistils). Flowering plants are
classified as either monocots or dicots. Monocot flowers have parts in multiples of 3, while dicot
flowers have parts in multiples of 4 or 5. Monocot seeds consist of one part called a cotyledon.
Dicot seeds consist of two cotyledons. Monocot leaves have parallel veins; dicot leaves have
netted veins (though there are exceptions). The root system of a monocot is fibrous. The root
system of a dicot consists of a central taproot with lateral roots and root hairs.
Flowers are adapted by corolla color, shape, fragrance or odor, and bloom time for the purpose
of pollination (the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma atop the pistil of a flowering
plant). White flowers are often pollinated by nocturnal (night feeding) animals including moths,
bats, bees, and beetles. The calyx is found below the petals and provides early protection for the
emerging floral structures. The male part of the flower is the stamen. It consists of a stalk called
the filament and a structure located at the top of the filament called an anther, which produces
pollen, the male sex cells (sperm). The pistil, the female part of the flower, consists of a sticky
top, or stigma, to which pollen adheres, the style, and the ovary. When pollen lands upon the
stigma it builds a pollen tube down into the style, eventually the pollen tube reaches the swollen
base of the pistil, which is known as the ovary. The ovary contains ovules (eggs) that will
develop into seeds containing embryo plants. The ovary will eventually swell and mature to
become the fruit.
PURPOSE
1. Students will learn to identify and explain the function of the parts of a monocot and
dicot flower.
2. Students will identify reproductive parts of a real flower (if provided).
MATERIALS
real flowers (monocot & dicot)
glue
colored paper
scissors
transparent tape (both double and single glue)
SAFETY
Use caution when working with scissors.
Pre-lab Worksheet
Flower Anatomy
NAME: _______________________
DATE: _______________________
1. Define the following terms.
Anther
Calyx
Carpel
Complete flower
Corolla
Dicot
Filament
Imperfect flower
Incomplete flower
Monocot
Ovary
Ovule
Perfect flower
Pistil
Sepal
Stamen
Stigma
Style
2. How would you recognize a perfect flower?
3. What does a complete flower have that an incomplete flower doesn’t have?
4. How would you tell the difference between a dicot flower and a monocot flower?
PROCEDURE
Part 1.
A student group of four will work best for this activity. Obtain a real flower. Student one should
carefully remove structures a-k below. Student two will video flower dissection. Student three
will provide narration. Student four will tape dissected parts to a sheet of paper and label by
name and how many of each structure is present. Use your flower to answer Part 2 on the
student answer sheet.
STUDENT DATA SHEET
NAME: ____________________________
FLOWER ANATOMY
DATE: _____________________________
Part 1. Real flower
a. leaf (netted or parallel?)
_____
b. sepals (how many?)
_____
c. petals (how many?)
_____
d. pistil (how many?)
_____
e. style
_____
f. stigma
_____
g. ovary
_____
h. stamen (how many?)
_____
i. filament
_____
j. anther
_____
k. pollen
_____
monocot or dicot?
_____
complete or incomplete?
_____
vascular or nonvascular?
_____
angiosperm or gymnosperm? _____
Part 2. Real flower
Type of flower (rose, lily, etc.) ____________________
ANALYSIS:
1. Draw and label the major structures in a typical monocot and dicot flower (sepals,
petals, pistil, stamen,). Label the individual parts of the pistil and stamen.
2. Distinguish between and give examples of a vascular and nonvascular plant.
VASCULAR
NONVASCULAR
Characteristics of
each::
List several examples
of each type of plant:
3. Distinguish between and give examples of a gymnosperm and angiosperm plant.
GYMNOSPERM
Characteristics of
each:
List several examples
of each:
ANGIOSPERM
4. Distinguish between and give examples of a monocot and a dicot plant.
MONOCOT
Characteristics of
each:
List several examples
of each::
5. What is the main function of a flower?
6. How do pollination and fertilization differ?
7. To what part of a flower are many people allergic?
8. What organism might pollinate a flower that blooms at night?
DICOT