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Tough decisions for eight
states
USA
1. Missouri
2. Kentucky
3. Delaware
4. Maryland
The
Border States
CSA
1. Virginia: Decided to seceded but the northwestern section of the state wanted to
remain loyal. Part of the state seceded
from the state as the state seceded from
the Union. This section became a new
northern state, West Virginia.
2. North Carolina: The people of North Carolina
did not want to secede, but felt that
there was no choice. North Carolina
was surrounded by Confederate states.
(Tennessee, Virginia, and South
Carolina)
3. Texas: Governor Sam Houston declared
that Texas should remain a loyal state
within the Union. “Texas will leave the
Union over my dead body.” Houston left
Texas and the state joined the CSA
4. Louisiana: Elections were held to
decide the outcome.
Voters had two choices.(USA or CSA)
The final vote was 51% for the CSA and
49% for the USA.
Resources Necessary for War
USA
86%
81%
71%
70%
70%
CSA
14%
19%
29%(different gauges)
30%(mostly cotton)
30%(1/3 were slaves)
22 million
9.5 million (3 mill slaves)
86%
14%
182 officers
left the U.S.
Army to
become
CSA generals
1. Factories
2. Banks
3. Railroads
4. Farms
5. Population
6. Shipyards
7. Generals
The Anaconda Plan
By General Winfield Scott
The Anaconda Plan was designed to destroy the CSA in a manner similar
to the killing techniques of an anaconda snake. The USA would suffocate
the life out of the Confederacy and slowly strangle the Confederates into
surrender. Scott, a southerner, chose to remain loyal to the Union and will
fight to save the Union.
Four Steps of the Anaconda Plan
1. Capture the capital of the Confederacy,
Richmond, Virginia
2. Capture the Mississippi River and split
the CSA into a western & eastern section
3. Blockade all CSA port cities and deny
ships the ability to enter or exit. The CSA
depends on European supplies. The
blockade will starve out the Confederates.
4.Divide and Conquer the CSA into several
smaller segments.
Confederate Plan for Victory
1. Fight a defensive war
because the Union has too
many resources, troops, and
banks.
2. Enlist the assistance of
powerful European nations
(British & or French) to trade
weapons for cotton.
3. Patience: Hope the northern
states grow tired of the bloodshed
and accept the reality of the south
as a separate nation.
Bull Run
21 July 1861
Both sides (USA & CSA)
assumed this would be a quick war.
Every general (except Sherman) assumed the
war would last only one battle. The
winner of the battle would win the
war.
The first battle occurred in
Manassas, Virginia. It was called the
Battle of Bull Run.
The CSA soldiers ran for their lives to
escape the Union army. One CSA
general (Thomas Jackson) refused to run
and began building a wall with
soldiers. (one kneeling behind another) The
Confederate army rallied behind this
wall and stopped the Union army.
The Union troops threw their rifles
and ran back to Washington; D.C.
For the rest of history, Jackson
became known as Stonewall
Jackson.(CSA)
The Union army was in chaos after
the Battle of Bull Run. It was obvious
that this would not be a short war.
President Lincoln needed a northern
general that could organize the
Union troops into a “real” army.
Lincoln named George McClellan the
general in command of the Union
army.
George
McClellan
1.
2.
Born 03 December 1826
Entered college at age 13
(University of Pennsylvania)
3. Transferred to West Point at
age 15 (studied as an engineer)
4. Fought in Mexican War
5. Named general in command of
Union army after Battle of Bull
Run
6. Told Lincoln he needed one
year to train the volunteers into
“real” soldiers
7. Trained & drilled his troops
constantly for one year
8. Seemed afraid to attack the
CSA
9. Lincoln grew frustrated that
McClellan never attacked and
begins looking for a new general
10. McClellan runs for President in
1864 and loses to Lincoln
Closing thoughts on McClellan
1. Saved the Union army by
training correctly and forcing
West Point values on all
soldiers
2. Turned the Union army into the
most powerful army on earth
3. Lacked the strategic ability to
unleash the army
4. After the war, elected governor
of New Jersey
Emancipation Proclamation
01 January 1863
The British and French are on the
verge of helping the CSA. Both
countries (U.K. & France) considered
sending troops and ships to help the
CSA. At a minimum, both nations
were planning to send weapons and
food.
The Union wasn’t strong enough
to fight the CSA, France, and the
United Kingdom. Lincoln needed to
make a move that would keep the
French & British uninvolved.
Lincoln shifted the focus of the
war from states’ rights to the freedom
of slaves. Lincoln announced a
proclamation that the slaves would
be freed on 01 January 1863.
Freeing the slaves made the USA
appear as if it was fighting a
righteous cause to end slavery. It
made the CSA appear that they were
fighting to keep slavery.
Queen Victoria (British Queen)was
deeply opposed to slavery. She had
read Uncle Tom’s Cabin and wept
when the book was finished. Slavery
was illegal in the U.K. & France.
Neither country wanted to send
weapons to a nation that was fighting
to keep slavery.
As a result, the CSA was isolated
from the rest of the world. No other
nations wanted to be partners with a
country that fought to keep slavery.
Lincoln had outmaneuvered the
CSA.
EMANCIPATION = to set free
1863
1. The Emancipation
Proclamation
guaranteed the
British & French
would stay out of the
war. The CSA was
alone.
2. Stonewall Jackson
was dead.
3. Lee was crushed at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
(July 01-04 1863)
4. Grant wins the
Mississippi River at
Vicksburg, Mississippi
(04 July 1863)
There is no way
for the CSA to
win. Lincoln
outmaneuvered
the CSA.
1863
New Technologies during
the Civil War
1. Telegraph (instant communications between
leaders and soldiers)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Gatling gun (an early machine gun)
Repeating rifle
Railroads (fast transport of troops and materials)
Photography
Hot air balloons (reconnaissance of a region
due to the height)
7. Submarines: C.S.S. Hunley(used to
break the Union blockade)
8.Ironclads
(Iron warships rather than
wooden ships) U.S.S. Monitor
C.S.S. Virginia
Thomas (Stonewall) Jackson
CSA





Lee’s best general (never lost a battle)
Graduate of West Point
Veteran of the Mexican War
Did not believe in secession
He taught at the Virginia Military
Institute ( led his students in combat at
the Battle of Bull Run)
 Fought for the CSA because he
believed his first duty was to his
state (Virginia)
 Defeated 3 Union armies with only
17,000 troops in the Shenandoah
Valley (outnumbered 4 to 1)
 Shot and killed by his own troops
in an accident as Lee was
planning his invasion into the
north (Gettysburg)
 Died 10 May 1863





Mother and wife both died of hemorage in child birth
One arm was longer than the other
Almost deaf from artillery in Mexico
Had the same horse through entire war, Little Sorrel. Horse lived to be 36.
Left arm amputated and buried
Terminator
Shermanator
General Sherman and his horse, Sam
William
Sherman
 Grant’s best general
 Graduate of West Point
22/51
32/51
 Sent by the Army to California
during the Mexican War
 Sherman was labeled insane
because of his prediction made in
1861. Sherman predicted that it
would take years to defeat the
CSA, the war would be a
bloodbath, and the Confederacy
could win the war.
 After the Battle of Bull Run
Sherman’s predictions were
accurate
 1st modern general
(believed in
“total war”)
 Launched the “March to the Sea”
by starting in Chattanooga,
Tennessee and leading the Union
army to Savannah, Georgia.

Sherman was assigned the
responsibility of “divide &
conquer.” Sherman was
nicknamed the “Destroyer of the
South.” His army destroyed
everything in it’s path.
“IF IT MOVES…SHOOT IT! IF IT
DOESN’T MOVE…BURN IT!”
“WAR IS HECK!”
Jefferson Davis
 Born on 03 June 1803 (legal holiday in
many southern states)
 Graduate of West Point

 Veteran of the Black Hawk War
 Veteran of the Mexican War
(awarded a medal for bravery in combat)
 Secretary of War (introduced the newest
technologies into the US Army & the Camel
Corps)
 Senator from Mississippi
 Did not believe in secession

Believed the states should remain in the Union
 President of the CSA
09 April 1865
Lee surrendered to
Grant at
Appomattox,
Virginia. The war
ended.
Grant’s generosity 09 April 1865
1. Confederate soldiers could keep
their horses.
2. Officers could keep their pistols.
3. Grant ordered the Union Army to
bring food and medical supplies
to the CSA troops.
4. Amnesty(forgiveness) was given
12 December 2015
college football
Army (West Point) vs US Naval Academy
Is
Vs.
Are
United
States ____
a.) are b.)is