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Fascism and World War 2 Study Guide: 1. Know how Hitler and Stalin rose to power and the methods they used to become dictators (Hitler My Notes, Stalin Reading) Hitler – 1923 -Munich Putsch or Beer Hall Putsch – Arrested Writes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) 1933 Elected Chancellor1933 - Burning of the Reichstag Building. Boycott Jewish Stores and services Eliminates Communists Nazi Party declares Hitler Fuehr All swear loyalty oath 2. Stalin - Strike organizer, kidnaping, ransom, extortion to raise money for Communist Party. Sent to exile or Siberia several times 1904 Befriends Lenin. Commits more crimes escapes from Siberia Becomes editor of Pravda * did not play major role in Revolution Ordered Tsar and family dead. Burned peasant villages to intimidate Becomes General Secretary Lenin first leader of SU. Lenin dies Stalin becomes leader. 1924 -1953 Purges Religion, military, educated class. creates KNVD Secret Police Secret police. Gulags Kills 20 million in peace time Media manipulation and propaganda Be able to explain Fascism and differentiate between, Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler (Two readings) Extreme form of nationalistic Gov. Characterized by a dictator demanding loyalty to the dictator and second to the state. Authoritarian. People have no rights. War seen as strength and necessary. Hitler Stalin Original Gov National Socialism Gov. Communist – Stalin takes over after Lenin A New Germany (3rd Reich that would rule 1000 years.) Modernize and Industrialize Goal to create a future Communist state to rule world. master race purity of blood Mussolini Gov. Creates first Fascist party. Socialist Gov. Killed by his own people Restore Roman Empire Apply principles of Communist manifesto. No Ind. Rights No Individual Rights Starts of WW2 Holocaust War is Necessary Purges kills millions of his own War is Necessary No individual rights War is necessary 3. What were the long term goals for: Mussolini – Reestablish Roman Empire Hitler - Create a pure Aryan master Race Stalin - Create the futures most powerful nation, spreading communism world wide 4. How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles leading Europe to war Rearming military air force and navy, Annexing Austria, Rhineland, Creating the draft. 5. Why did the world allow Hitler to break the Treaty of Versailles Great depression, aversion to war, appeasement, Failure of league of Nations 6. Why was the Munich Agreement an act of appeasement Giving up Czechoslovakia for peace 7. Know reasons for American Isolationism Failure to Join League of Nations after WW1 Great Depression and aversion to war 8. Know how America remained neutral while at the same time supporting Brittan and France Lend Lease - Roosevelt sends large amounts of US weapons and ammunition "surplus" Included 50 Destroyers. Shipment to Britain in mid-1940. Leasing some British Islands as bases. US becomes the “Arsenal of democracy” Weapon supplier to our future allies 9. Know cause and effects leading America to War German U-boat attacks in the Atlantic become an election issue Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor. FDR Speech. A day that will live in infamy. Congress declares war. US becomes Arsenal of Democracy 10. What was Japan's motive to attack Pearl Harbor? After attacking China and Indochina US Puts and embargo (illegal to sell to) on oil, steel, scrap iron, and aviation fuel to Japan. Japan has no natural resources as an Island nation. Japan attacks US to prevent any intervention on their imperialistic needs. 11. Know the ideological reasons for the Holocaust and documents proving it was a state run operation planned from the highest level (Document Based Evidence) Hitler – purity (cleanliness, hygiene) of German blood is most important. Eliminate all corrupting influences to allow the pure German "master race" to evolve. Nuremberg Laws, Racial Purity, Removal of citizenship from Jews. employment of Jews, Intermarriage outlawed Hitler Social Darwinism “nature is cruel.” Sacrifice Germans to eliminate Millions of an inferior race. Himmler’s Speech to SS officers “Party officials say it’s easy. We know it is hard.” using terms both the euphemism "evacuate" then the real word "extermination" in present tense. "You are doing it and... remaining decent. “….A chapter the world must never know”. SS Doctors: Extermination of the feeble minded, Epilepsy, old age . Dr. Mengle, Brandt, Oftenhause Medical Experiments. Letter to Himmler requesting "human material" prisoners, feeble minded, Jews, etc. for High Altitude tests. SS Commandant: Concentration modification to kill more. Ordering Zyklon B and Gas chamber door by SS 12. Know the purpose and outcome of the Yalta Conference UN Created by Roosevelt Stalin gains all eastern European Territory (promises free elections fails to do so) Millions fall under Stalin Rule Churchill Warns of an “Iron Curtain” descending over the European foreshadowing the cold war and Stalin’s power 13. Know the specific arguments for and against the dropping of the Atomic Bomb For: US was attacked by Japan Japan has not abided by any rule of war (Savage attacks of innocents, inhumane treatment of prisoners) Invasion would cost millions of lives. Japan would not surrender Bomb would end war save lives of Americans and Japanese Warn Stalin of our power. We do not want Stalin involved in Helping fight Japan. He could turn his sights towards China Japan, even us. Against : Once bomb used it will always be used Arms race America could never hold the moral high ground Japan on verge of collapse Soviets would fight Japanese 14. How was the Marshall Plan different from the Versailles Treaty? Rebuild Democratic section of Germany West Germany, Build up Japan Over see democratic institutions. Engagement rather than punishment 15. Know the significance and the outcome of the Nuremberg Trials First time top leaders are tried by a World Court on crimes against humanity. Holds leaders accountable for war crimes World War 2 Study Guide: Identify/define and know the significance Use separate paper if needed to write complete answers Treaty of Versailles -1919 Treaty ending ww1. Punishes Germany with War Guilt Clause Leads to rise of Hitler. Franklyn Delano Roosevelt (FDR) – US President from pre ww2 until death before end of war Neville Chamberlin – English Prime Minister, participated in Munich Conference. “Peace in our Time” Munich Agreement – France, Germany, England meet give Hitler Czechoslovakia in return for peace Appeasement – Giving into an aggressors demands in return for peace Winston Churchill – English Prime Minister during ww2 Charles de Gaulle – Leader of the French resistance movement following the fall of France Fascism - a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. Benito Mussolini – Italian dictator creates modern Fascism Joseph Stalin – Successor to Lenin over saw modernization of Soviet Union, WW2 and Cold war until death in 1954 Adolf Hitler – Leader of the Nazis. Started WW2 Emperor Hirohito – Emperor of Japan, seen as a god on earth Hideki Tojo – Prime Minister of Japan during ww2 Dwight Eisenhower – Leader of the allied forces in Europe. In charge of D- Day Lend Lease – Plan to support Brittan and staying neutral. Lend weapons in return for leasing British islands Pearl Harbor – Home to the US Pacific Fleet. Attack by Japanese bring US into the war D Day – Largest invasion in the world. Allied forces cross the English Channel to attack Normandy to Free the French and fight war in Europe VE Day – Victory Europe Germany surrenders. May 1945 VJ Day – Japan Surrenders August 1945 Battle of Midway and Iwo Jima Harry Truman – Takes over President after FDR Dies. Drops atomic bombs on Japan to end the war. Manhattan Project – Overall term associated with the program to create the Atomic Bomb Fatman and Little Boy – Two Atomic Bombs dropped on Los Alamos – Main lab of the Manhattan Project in New Mexico Axis Powers - Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Tripartite Pact, which became known as the Axis alliance. Allied Powers Great Britain, Soviet Union, France, US Operation Barbarossa – Nazi attack of Soviet Union Battle of Stalingrad – Key battle 500,000 soviets dead 750,000 Germans dead. March towards Berlin Vichy Government – Nazi Controlled French Government under German occupation Mein Kamp – Hitler Book of ideology written in prison after Beerhall Putsch Eugenics – using positive breeding traits to create a superior species Euthanasia – Mercy Killing Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) – Order from SS to Nationwide police to destroy Jewish property and arrest Jews to send to camps. Careful orders not to damage anything German Jewish Codes or Nuremberg Laws – 1935 takes away citizenship from Jews. Jews fired from work, Could not employ Germans, Not allowed to marry Final Solution – decision to eliminate Jews on an industrial massive level Holocaust – Systematic killing of 6 million Jews during WW2 Zyklon B – Poison Gas used to kill Jews in Concentration camps Nuremberg Trials- Held in Nuremberg Germany and Broadcast to the world, first time ever, Trial against top Nazis tried as war criminals Joseph Gobles – Propaganda Minister. In charge of all media messages and spread of information. Heinrich Himmler – Head of the SS Concentration Camp – Series of labor death camps, Auschwitz, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen