Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
ROAD TO WORLD WAR II CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II WWI was not the “war to end all wars.”A series of problems stemming directly from WWI led to World War II. •resentment in Germany over Treaty of Versailles •failure of the League of Nations to maintain world peace •global depression & intense nationalism led to the rise of dangerous, aggressive dictators UNDERLYING CAUSES OF WORLD WAR II a. Nationalism: extreme pride in one’s nationality or country b. Imperialism: a nation expands own power by forcing other nations to submit to its rule c. Militarism: building up & using a strong military to promote national interests ROAD TO WORLD WAR II Totalitarian Dictatorships: Leaders control all aspects of society Prior to WWII, each dictator took advantage of economic problems in their countries by: 1. Promising simple solutions to their nation’s problems 2. Rebuilding national pride (often using propaganda) 3. Providing scapegoats (targets for anger & blame) 4. Absorbing power, taking away individual rights, and crushing opposition TYPES OF TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS: FASCIST Characteristics of fascist regimes - highest value is the nation - own nation is superior to any other - see war as a glorious experience - massive military build-up; use war to expand nation’s territory & power - use violence to crush opponents - strongly opposed to communism - believe strong have natural right to dominate weak; Social Darwinism - believe a single, all-powerful leader best leads nation to greatness SOVIET COMMUNISM UNDER JOSEF STALIN -all means of production (land, labor, capital) = state-owned & controlled -communism based on military rule. -forced labor created wealth for a few, -lives of most people change very little or get worse -cult of the leader: all-knowing, all-seeing Father of the People -Young people encouraged to report members of own families for ‘anti-Soviet’ views DICTATORS The Fascists The Communists Benito Mussolini- Italy Joseph Stalin - USSR Adolph Hitler- Germany Mao Zedong- China Francisco Franco- Spain JOSEPH STALIN 1924 Country: Soviet Union Type of Government: Communism (dictatorship) Goals and Ideas: •Crushed opponents •Held absolute authority; suppressed resistance •Brought his country to world power status but imposed upon it one of most ruthless regimes in history •New Economic Policies (NEP) •Collectivization: exported seized goods and gained enough capital to finance a massive industrialization drive •Rapid industrialization: three 5-year plans •The Great Purges: KGB = secret police killed thousands of army officers and prominent Bolsheviks who opposed Stalin •Stalin = VERY paranoid •Feared the growing power of Nazi Germany BENITO MUSSOLINI 1922 Country: Italy Type of Government: Fascism (dictatorship) Goals and Ideas: •Centralized all power in himself as leader (total control of social, economic, and political life) •Ambition = restore the glory of Rome •Invasion of Ethiopia •Alliance with Hitler’s Germany Il Duce ADOLF HITLER 1933 Country: Germany Type of Government: Nazism (dictatorship) Goals and Ideas: •Inflation and depression weakened the democratic government in Germany and allowed Hitler to rise to power •Believed the western powers had no intention of using force to maintain Treaty of Versailles •Anti-Semitism: persecution of Jews •Extreme nationalism: National Socialism (aka Nazism) •Aggression: German occupation of nearby countries •Lebensraum: unite all German speaking nations •Anschluss: German union with Austria HIDEKI TOJO Country: Japan Type of Government: Militarism Goals and Ideas: •Japan had an emperor but the military had taken control of government •Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals but he was worshipped as a god by the people •Industrialization of Japan, leading to a drive for raw materials – how do you get raw materials? IMPERIALISM •Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and China ( League of Nations did nothing) Hideki Tojo, Military Leader of Japan Hirohito, Emperor of Japan ASIA China • Ineffective Manchu dynasty • Sun Yat-sen Nationalists united the country Japan • Shoguns • Trade and colonies (raw materials)