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Totalitarian Leaders Mussolini: Country/Year to Power: Italy 1922-1945 Political Party: Fascist Came to Power: March on Rome-demanded to be named Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel Nickname: Il Duce Secret Police: Black Shirts Mussolini: Strategies used to stay in Power: • Strengthened the military • Invaded Ethiopia to show power • Partnered with Hitler • Used propaganda and censorship Stalin: Country/Year to Power: USSR 1928-1953 Political Party: Communist Came to Power: Lenin died. Stalin named the successor after having Trotsky exiled to Mexico and later executed Nickname: Man of Steel Secret Police: Checka Stalin: Strategies used to stay in Power: • 5 Year Plans – Increased industry – Improved farming and transportation • Used propaganda and censorship • Created Collectives (large farms) and the Kulaks (wealthy farmers) resisted • The Great Purge- killing of political opponents Hitler: Country/Year to Power: Germany 1933-1945 Political Party: Nazi Came to Power: Elected Chancellor of the Weimar Republic-within a year names himself dictator. Creates the Nazi Party. Nickname: Der Fuher Secret Police: Gestapo/SS Storm Troopers Hitler Strategies used to stay in Power: • Anti-Semitism (“against the Jew”) – Nuremburg Laws – Hitler Youth – Kristallnacht (“night of broken glass”) • Mein Kampf (“my struggles”)-manifesto • Final Solution- exterminate Jews from Europe (Holocaust)