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Election of Lincoln Republican candidate won due to Democrats running two candidates South feared the new leader’s view point on slavery Several Southern states decided to secede Fort Sumter * On April 12, Rebel forces fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor * The attack lasted 33 hours before Fort Sumter surrendered * The News of the attack on the fort convinced the people of North that force was the only way to save the Union First Battle of Bull Run Battle of the Ironclads * The Confederates had received warning of the Union plan to march on Richmond and prepared for battle at Manassas * Confederate General Thomas Jackson and his men refused to give way to the Union earning himself the nickname Stonewall and the South a victory. * It was now obvious that a short war was not possible * The Union had set up a blockade cutting the South off from supplies * The South responded with the C.S.S. Virginia (an iron ship) to attack the three Union ships * The Union used their own iron ship to battle the Virginia. Neither ship was victorious but a new age of Naval war was born Medical Care and New Technology Antietam * Lincoln declared that all slaves in the South are free * The speech changed the focus of the war from “saving the Union” to a “crusade for freedom” * Lincoln stated that “The time came when I felt that slavery must die so that the nation might live” * For six weeks General Grant and his men shelled the city of Vicksburg * The civilians of Vicksburg were trapped in the city and forced to live in caves and eat horses and rats * On July 4th 1863 Vicksburg surrendered, giving the Union control of the Mississippi and dividing the South * General Lee hoped that a * Medical care was very victory on Union soil would primitive – they didn’t know convince Maryland to join the much about how disease spread Confederates and would gain the * very few doctors - amputation support of Great Britain was the preferred treatment for * Both North and South had wounds to arms and legs great losses in the battle * the new weapons were * Antietam was considered a accurate from farther distances “defeat for both armies” and making the strategies used in would remain the bloodiest battle more deadly single day of the war *the newer weapons were the gatling gun, Minnie ball, rifling of the gun barrels, larger cannons, and ironclad ships (all led to more casualties) * Disease from poor medical treatment made the Civil War the most deadly US war in history. Emancipation Proclamation Siege of Vicksburg Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg Address *General Lee hoped that a capture of a Northern city would convince the North to seek peace * Lee ordered Pickett to lead 15,000 confederates to charge at the heart of the Union line resulting in the slaughter of Pickett’s men * Gettysburg would stand as a turning point favoring the North Lincoln’s Re-Election * Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to speak at the dedication of the new graveyard overlooking the battle field * Lincoln stated that all men “are created equal” enforcing that the war was for freedom *Lincoln’s speech remains one of the most influential speeches in the country’s history * The South’s needed Lincoln to loose the election to have any hope for victory * General McClellan ran against Lincoln stating that he would end the Civil War immediately * Prior to the election the Northern victories of Sherman and Sheridan changed the view of the Northern people handing Lincoln a victory over McClellan * Sherman marched on Savannah hoping to destroy the last supply base for the South * Sherman and his men destroyed anything of value including fields and homes * Sherman marched 425 miles in 50 days destroying much of what was left of the Confederate supplies Sherman’s March Petersburg Campaign Ends Surrender at Appomattox *On April 9th 1865 General Lee surrendered to General Grant at the house of Wilmer McLean * Grants terms were generous allowing Lee’s men to keep their belongings and travel home * Grant would not allow his men to celebrate as he stated “the rebels are our countrymen again”. Despite the end of the war the country would still face many hardships as they faced the task of reconstructing the nation Assassination of Lincoln * Grant and his men attacked Petersburg for nine months before breaking the Confederate lines * After defeating Lee’s forces at Petersburg, Grant and the Union marched into Richmond * Grant surrounded Lee in Richmond forcing Lee to surrender and marking the end of the Civil War * While attending a play at Ford’s Theater Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth * Booth an actor, believed that killing Lincoln would save the Confederacy * Lincoln’s assassination did not save the Confederacy but it did make it more difficult for the nation to rebuild. Andrew Johnson was now in charge of the reconstruction period