Download 1 - Madison Public Schools

Election of Lincoln
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Republican candidate won
due to Democrats running
two candidates
South feared the new leader’s
view point on slavery
Several Southern states
decided to secede
Fort Sumter
* On April 12, Rebel forces fired
on Fort Sumter in Charleston
Harbor
* The attack lasted 33 hours
before Fort Sumter surrendered
* The News of the attack on the
fort convinced the people of
North that force was the only
way to save the Union
First Battle of Bull Run
Battle of the Ironclads
* The Confederates had received
warning of the Union plan to
march on Richmond and
prepared for battle at Manassas
* Confederate General Thomas
Jackson and his men refused to
give way to the Union earning
himself the nickname Stonewall
and the South a victory.
* It was now obvious that a
short war was not possible
* The Union had set up a
blockade cutting the South off
from supplies
* The South responded with the
C.S.S. Virginia (an iron ship) to
attack the three Union ships
* The Union used their own iron
ship to battle the Virginia.
Neither ship was victorious but a
new age of Naval war was born
Medical Care and New
Technology
Antietam
* Lincoln declared that all slaves
in the South are free
* The speech changed the focus
of the war from “saving the
Union” to a “crusade for
freedom”
* Lincoln stated that “The time
came when I felt that slavery
must die so that the nation
might live”
* For six weeks General Grant
and his men shelled the city of
Vicksburg
* The civilians of Vicksburg were
trapped in the city and forced to
live in caves and eat horses and
rats
* On July 4th 1863 Vicksburg
surrendered, giving the Union
control of the Mississippi and
dividing the South
* General Lee hoped that a
* Medical care was very
victory on Union soil would
primitive – they didn’t know
convince Maryland to join the
much about how disease spread Confederates and would gain the
* very few doctors - amputation support of Great Britain
was the preferred treatment for * Both North and South had
wounds to arms and legs
great losses in the battle
* the new weapons were
* Antietam was considered a
accurate from farther distances
“defeat for both armies” and
making the strategies used in
would remain the bloodiest
battle more deadly
single day of the war
*the newer weapons were the
gatling gun, Minnie ball, rifling of
the gun barrels, larger cannons,
and ironclad ships (all led to
more casualties)
* Disease from poor medical
treatment made the Civil War
the most deadly US war in
history.
Emancipation Proclamation
Siege of Vicksburg
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
*General Lee hoped that a
capture of a Northern city would
convince the North to seek
peace
* Lee ordered Pickett to lead
15,000 confederates to charge
at the heart of the Union line
resulting in the slaughter of
Pickett’s men
* Gettysburg would stand as a
turning point favoring the North
Lincoln’s Re-Election
* Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg
to speak at the dedication of the
new graveyard overlooking the
battle field
* Lincoln stated that all men
“are created equal” enforcing
that the war was for freedom
*Lincoln’s speech remains one of
the most influential speeches in
the country’s history
* The South’s needed Lincoln to
loose the election to have any
hope for victory
* General McClellan ran against
Lincoln stating that he would
end the Civil War immediately
* Prior to the election the
Northern victories of Sherman
and Sheridan changed the view
of the Northern people handing
Lincoln a victory over McClellan
* Sherman marched on
Savannah hoping to destroy the
last supply base for the South
* Sherman and his men
destroyed anything of value
including fields and homes
* Sherman marched 425 miles in
50 days destroying much of
what was left of the Confederate
supplies
Sherman’s March
Petersburg Campaign Ends
Surrender at Appomattox
*On April 9th 1865 General Lee
surrendered to General Grant at
the house of Wilmer McLean
* Grants terms were generous
allowing Lee’s men to keep their
belongings and travel home
* Grant would not allow his men
to celebrate as he stated “the
rebels are our countrymen
again”. Despite the end of the
war the country would still face
many hardships as they faced
the task of reconstructing the
nation
Assassination of Lincoln
* Grant and his men attacked
Petersburg for nine months
before breaking the Confederate
lines
* After defeating Lee’s forces at
Petersburg, Grant and the Union
marched into Richmond
* Grant surrounded Lee in
Richmond forcing Lee to
surrender and marking the end
of the Civil War
* While attending a play at Ford’s Theater Lincoln was shot and
killed by John Wilkes Booth
* Booth an actor, believed that killing Lincoln would save the
Confederacy
* Lincoln’s assassination did not save the Confederacy but it did
make it more difficult for the nation to rebuild. Andrew Johnson
was now in charge of the reconstruction period