Download Test Study Guide: Polarity, pH, Biochemistry, Prokaryotes

Test Study Guide:
Polarity, pH, Biochemistry, Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Organelles
Chapter 2: Chemistry
1. What does polarity mean?
2. What are some unique properties of water?
3. Explain the following terms: hydrogen bond, cohesion, adhesion, capillarity, solution, solute, solvent,
acid, base, pH scale.
4. Explain how water’s polar nature affects its ability to dissolve substances.
5. Know the pH scale: <7 = acid, >7 = base 7 = neutral
6. Water dissociates into what two ions?
Chapter 3: Biochemistry
7. Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds
8. What are the four types of organic compounds?
9. How do carbon’s bonding properties allow it to make so many different organic compounds?
10. Name the four types of functional groups.
11. Identify the 4 functional groups in molecular structures.
12. What are monomers and polymers?
13. What are the subcomponents of each of the organic compounds.
14. Explain condensation reaction. (re-form large molecules)
15. Give an example of condensation reaction.
16. Explain hydrolysis reaction. (breakdown of molecules into smaller components)
17. Give an example of hydrolysis reaction.
18. What role does the functional group play in the molecules in which they are found?
19. Give an ex. Of mono, di and polysaccharide.
20. What are carbohydrates?
21. What is the difference between starch and cellulose?
22. How do animals and plants store polysaccharides? Is it different?
23. What is the main role of carbohydrates?
24. What are proteins?
25. What are the building blocks of proteins?
26. What functional group(s) is/are common to proteins?
27. What is an enzyme?
28. What is a substrate? What is an active site?
29. Draw and explain the induced- fit model of enzymes (Lock and Key Model of Enzymes).
30. What is the main function of lipids?
31. What are a few examples of lipids?
32. What is the difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid (structurally)?
Test Study Guide:
Polarity, pH, Biochemistry, Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Organelles
33. How is the C,H,O ratio different in carbs and lipids? Is it easy to tell the difference? What are some
ways?
34. How can you tell if a substance is a protein?
35. What is the structure of an amino acid? How many essential amino acids are there? How are they
different?
Chapter 4: Cells
36. What are the 3 statements of the cell theory
37. What is the evidence for the Cell Theory?
38. What is the surface area to volume ratio?
39. Why are small cells more efficient than large cells?
40. What did the following scientists do? Hooke, Leewnhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow?
41. Draw and label a prokaryotic cell.
42. What are the functions of the following organelles: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, pili, ribosomes,
flagella, cell wall, nucleoid region
43. What are a few differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
44. What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?
45. Draw and label a eukaryotic animal cell
46. What are the functions of the following organelles: rER, sER, nucleus, lysosomes, golgi apparatus,
mitochondrion, nucleolus, nuclear pore, cytoplasm, vacuole, plasma membrane
47. What are the different structures that plant cells have from animal cells?
48. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
49. How are proteins made and shipped out of the cell?
50. What are a few structures that are in animal, plant, and bacteria? Animal and Plant? Plant and
bacteria?