Download Fusion Review Islam - White Plains Public Schools

Fusion Review Islam
A. Ka’aba
B. Mecca
C. Muhammad
D. Islam
E. The Five Pillars
F. Qur’an
G. Jihad
H. Sunni/Shi’a Split
I. Hegira or Hijra
J. Caliph
World History/Napp
It is the birthplace of the Prophet
Muhammad and the birthplace of Islam. It
was the site of Muhammad’s first revelation
from God according to Muslims. It is the
holiest city of Islam. ________
It was Muhammad’s flight from Mecca to
Medina and it marks the beginning of the
Islamic calendar. In Medina, Muhammad
became a powerful leader, consolidating the
first Muslim community. ______
It is the holy book of Islam. Muslims believe
it is the word of God as spoken to the
Prophet Muhammad. It is a sacred text. ___
It is a shrine located near the center of the
Great Mosque in Mecca and considered by
Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred
spot on Earth; Muslims orient themselves
toward this shrine during the five daily
prayers, bury their dead facing its meridian,
and cherish the ambition of visiting it on
pilgrimage, or hajj. _______
It was founded in Arabia and is a
monotheistic faith. Practitioners of the faith
are called Muslims. A Muslim is “one who
submits to God”. It was founded in the 600s
in the city of Mecca by the Prophet
Muhammad. ________
One group believes that any pious Muslim
man may lead the Islamic umma. The other
group believes that the leader of the umma
must be a descendant from the Prophet’s
family through his son-in-law Ali. _______
According to Muslims, he is the “Seal of the
Prophets” – there will be no prophets after
him. He was born in Mecca and Muslims
believe he received revelations from God. __
He is a religious and political leader of the
Islamic umma or community. _______
Its meaning is struggle. To Muslims, the
greater one is the struggle within the self to
live a pious live. It is also to defend Islam. _
Monotheism, prayer, alms, fasting during
Ramadan, and the Hajj are responsibilities
of Muslims. _______
The term “Islam” means
1. Submission
2. Peace
3. Fortitude
4. Thankfulness
In the Islamic tradition, what is a prophet?
1. Someone who founds a new religion
2. Someone who becomes the political
leader of a religious community
3. Someone who receives communication
or a message from God
4. None of the above
The word jihad means
1. Pilgrimage
2. To strive or struggle
3. Fasting
4. Prophecy
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims are
required to fast from dawn to dusk, which
means they
1. Abstain from food and drink
2. Abstain from food, drink, and sex
3. Abstain from eating meat
4. Abstain from food, but may consume
liquids
According to many interpretations of
Islamic law, Muslim men are allowed to
marry up to _________ wives.
1. Twenty
2. Four
3. Three
4. Six
Ali was
1. The son-in-law of Muhammad
2. Thought by some to be the rightful
successor to Muhammad
3. Muhammad’s cousin
4. All of the above
The hijra is
1. The emigration of the early Muslim
community from Mecca to Medina
2. The annual pilgrimage to Mecca
3. The written reports of how Muhammad When he received the revelation of the
lived his life
Qur’an, Muhammad
4. The term for Islamic law
1. Was about 40 years old
2. Was already recognized as a prophet
Sunnis and Shias split due to a
3. Was married to Aisha
1. Disagreement about the chapters of the
4. Was a teenager
Qur’an
2. Disagreement about what kind of
The Quran
clothing women should wear
1. is the holy book of Islam.
3. Difference in opinion over who should
2. were priests who watched over the
lead the Muslim community following
Ka’ba.
Muhammad’s death
3. was Muhammed’s journey to Yathrib.
4. Difference of opinion about where the
4. was written by Muhammed.
early Muslim community should make its
5. were Islamic scholarly bureaucrats.
home
Under pressure from authorities in Mecca,
Which of the following is not one of the Five Muhammad and his followers fled to
Pillars of Islam?
Medina in 622. Muslims call this move
1. Fasting during the month of Ramadan
1. the hijra.
2. Jihad
2. the umma.
3. Declaration of faith
3. Yathrib.
4. Prayer five times daily
4. the hajj.
“Muhammad experienced great poverty and many hardships early in his life. His father,
Abd Allah, died before he was born. His grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, took care of
Muhammad in Mecca for a short time. Abd al-Muttalib felt that Mecca was an unhealthy
place to raise a baby, but he could not leave because he was a political leader in the city.
So he entrusted Muhammad to a tribe of nomads. They took the baby Muhammad to their
home, the desert. When Muhammad was six years old, his mother died. Two years later,
when Muhammad was eight, his grandfather also died. Arab custom did not allow minors
to inherit anything, so the property and money from Muhammad’s father and grandfather
could not be passed down to him. To survive, Muhammad needed the protection of Abu
Talib, his uncle who now headed the family.
Under the care of Abu Talib, Muhammad traveled by camel on trading journeys to Syria.
On one of these trips, when he was about twenty-five years old, Muhammad met a wealthy
woman named Khadijah. She and Muhammad married and had four daughters. They also
had at least two sons who did not live past childhood. Muhammad’s marriage to Khadijah
made him a wealthy man and a member of Mecca’s prosperous merchant class. However,
Muhammad could not forget his early experiences. His childhood had deeply influenced
Muhammad and made him a thoughtful person. He often would go up into the hills near
Mecca and spend nights in a cave. Alone there, he would reflect on the problems he saw in
Mecca and the growing tension between the few people with great wealth and the many
people with nothing. It was in these hills that Muhammad claimed an angel told him, ‘You
are the Messenger of God.’” ~ World History
 What hardships did Muhammad experience as a child?
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When and how did Muhammad’s fortunes change?
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Why did Muhammad often go up into the hills near Mecca and spend nights in a
cave?
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What happened to Muhammad one night?
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Why do you think Muhammad’s teachings were popular with poorer people?
“When Muhammad died, his followers chose his successor. He was called a caliph, which
meant successor to the Messenger of God. The first caliph was Muhammad’s father-in-law,
Abu Bakr. The first four caliphs ruled from Medina and were called the Rightly Guided
Caliphs. That is because they tried to follow in Muhammad’s footsteps. They lived simply,
treated others fairly, and also fought hard for Islam. They wanted to spread Allah’s
message to everyone. Under their rule, the empire expanded to include all of southwest
Asia. Expansion continued under the Umayyad caliphs, who ruled from A.D. 661 to A.D.
750. They made their capital the city of Damascus in Syria. Now the Arab Empire included
North Africa, Spain, and some of India. Arabs had always been good on horseback
and good with the sword, but as Muslims, they also were inspired by their religion. They
were fighting to spread Islam. Muslims believed anyone who died in battle for Islam would
go to paradise.” ~ World History
 How did Islamic community change after the death of the Prophet Muhammad?
“Shiites believed that Ali, Muhammad’s son-in-law, should succeed him and that all
future caliphs should be Ali’s descendants. According to the Shiites, the Umayyad caliphs
in Damascus had no right to rule. Sunnis, who outnumbered Shiites, accepted the
Umayyad dynasty as rightful caliphs, though they did not always agree with their policies.
Over time, the Shiites and Sunnis developed different religious practices and customs.
“The Abbasids were the dynasty that came after the Umayyads. The Umayyads lost
power in A.D. 750 because they angered many Muslims, especially in Persia. Persian
Muslims felt that Arab Muslims got special treatment. They got the best jobs and paid
fewer taxes. When these Muslims rebelled, people all over the empire joined them. They
overthrew the Umayyads, and a new dynasty began. The new caliph was a descendant of
Muhammad’s uncle. His name was Abu al-Abbas. The new Abbasid dynasty lasted until
1258. The Abbasids devoted their energies to trade, scholarship, and the arts. They also
built a new capital, Baghdad. Baghdad prospered because it was beside the Tigris River
and near the Euphrates River. It was a good location to trade since many people used the
rivers to ship goods north and south. As a result, the Arab Empire grew even wealthier.
The Abbasid dynasty is also known for bringing Persian influence into the empire.”
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Why did conflict develop between Sunnis and Shiites?
Why were the Umayyads overthrown?
How did the Abbasids differ from the Umayyads?