Download Roman History - Glen Acres Church of Christ

HISTORY OF ROME
LATIUM ROMAN FORBEARS (Several centuries before Rome's official founding. May have come from Troy)
DATE
BC 753
BC 714
BC 721 ASSYRIANS
BC 672
BC 640
BC 616
606 BABYLONIANS
BC 578
BC 538 PERSIANS
BC 534
Romulas, legendary founder of Rome.
Numa Pompilius. First religious lawgiver. (mythical)
Tullus Hostilius, the Conqueror of Alba Longa of the Latin League. Killed by lightening.
Ancus Martius, the second religious lawgiver. Conquered more Latin towns, which became
plebians of the king. Bridged the Tiber. Territory extended to the sea on the west.
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus (Tarquin the Elder), The Builder. Assassinated by Ancus Martius.
Forum and the Circus Maximus erected.
Servius Tullius. The Civil Lawgiver. Etruscan general. Son-in-law to Tarquin Elder. Established
the Comitia Centuriata. enclosed the Seven Hills. Assassinated by Tarquin the Proud.
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud)--The Tyrant, Forced to abdicate the throne after his
son, Sextus caused Lucretia to commit suicide.
REPUBLICAN ROME
(BC 508 TO BC 27)
CONSULS
(Two equal magistrates ruling)
BC 508 Lucius Junius Brutus--The Elder, a Plebian.
Killed in battle by Aruns, son of Tarquin the Proud.
Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, a Patrician
Period of war with the Etruscans who were trying to reinstate Tarquin the Proud.
DICTATORS
(Chosen by the Senate with absolute power when there was a state of emergency).
BC 494.
TRIBUNES OF THE PLEBS
Gained by Plebeians seceding to Mons Sacer (Sacred Mount).
Treaty made with the Patricians.
BC 452.
DECEMVIRS
(Ten commissioners to revise the constitution)
BC 449
CONSULAR TRIBUNES,
Accomplished by second plebeian revolt to Mons Sacer.
Caused by Patrician, Appius Claudius, attempting to make Virginia a slave.
BC 390
BC 390
BC 343
BC 339
BC 336-324
BC 333
BC 326-304
MILITARY TRIBUNES
Resulted from third revolt of Plebs to Hill of Janiculum.
Rome burned by the Gauls
First Samnite War for conquest of Italy. (Samnites were a Sabine race)
Great Latin War
Alexander the Great of Greece
GREEKS Jerusalem 333
Second Samnite War.
p.1
(N-124) = NT-292
BC 310-306
BC 298-290
BC 286
BC 283-264
BC 264-133
BC 263-241
BC 225-222
BC 218-201
BC 214-205
BC 200-196
BC 191-190
BC 171-168
BC 149-146
Appius encourages building the Appian Way and aqueducts.
Third Samnite War.
Plebeians again secede to Mount Janiculum
War with Tarentum
PUNIC WARS between Rome and Carthage
First Punic War. Rome invades Sicily. Fleets built to attack Carthage in North Africa.
Conquest of Cisalpine Gaul.
Second Punic War. Hannibal crosses the Alps from Gaul to invade
Italy
First war with Philip V of Macedon
Second war with Philip V of Macedon
War with Antichus The Great of Syria.
War with Perseus of Macedon. Decisive battle of Pydna ended Macedonian Kingdom
Third Punic War. Carthage totally destroyed.
133-27
BC 134BC 121BC 111BC 107-101
BC 102-99
BC 90-88
BC 88BC 74-63
CIVIL WARS AND FALL OF THE REPUBLIC
First Servile War. Revolt of slaves in Sicily.
Death of Caius Sempronius Graccus. End of people's freedom. Aristocratic total control.
Jugurthine War.
Invading Teutones and Cimbri destroyed.
Second Servile War in Sicily.
The Social War. (Revolt of the Italians)
First Mithridatic War.
Second Mithridatic War.
John Hyracanus II became High Priest and placed on the throne of Judea .
Julius Caesar becomes Pontifix Maximus (Religious Superintendent)
Pompeii conquers Jerusalem.
First Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompeii and Crassus).
Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon from Gaul to invade Italy. Defeated Pompeii.
Caesar defeats Ptolemy XIII of Egypt and places Cleopatra, his mistress, on throne.
Caesar made dictator for life by the Senate with title of Imperator.
Caesar assassinated by Brutus and his band.
Second Triumvirate. (Octavius Caesar, Antony and Lepidus. Cleopatra seduces Mark Antony.
Pompeii and Lepidus defeated by Octavius
Battle of Actium. Antony and Cleopatra defeated. They commit suicide (BC 30).
BC 63
BC 63
BC 59
BC 48
BC 45
BC 44
BC 43
BC 36
BC 31
IMPERIAL ROME
BC 27-14 AD
BC 27
AD 14-37
AD 37-41
AD 41-54
AD 43
AD 54-68
AD 68-69
AD 69
AD 69
AD 69-79
AD 79-81
AD 79
AD 81-96
Octavius conferred title of Augustus (the Divine) and Imperator (Emperor) by Senate.
Tiberius: Step-son of Augustus. Reign of terror instituted. Smothered with bed-clothes
Caligula or Caius Caesar: Tyrant. Incest with Drusilla. Seemed totally mad. Assassinated.
Claudius: Half-witted. Elevated by the Praetorian Guard. Poisoned by Agrippina, mother of Nero.
Britain invaded
Nero: Burned Rome. Murdered his mother, two wives and son of his step-father, Cladius. (lst
Persecution)
Galba: Overthrown by Otho and the Praetorian Guards and killed.
Otho: Committed suicide after defeat by Vitellius.
Vitellius: Glutton. Troops rebelled. Killed and cast into the Tiber.
Vespasian: Troops made him emperor while fighting the Jews. Died of an illness.
Titus: (son) General who destroyed Jerusalem. Died of fever.
Mt. Vesuvius destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Domitian: (brother) The “fly-killer.” Jealous of general Julius Agricola. Assassinated by wife.
Last of 12 Caesars. (2nd Persecution)
ROME TRIUMPHANT
p.2
(N-124) = NT-292
(Most prosperous and peaceful period)
AD 96- 98
AD 98-117
AD 117-138
Nerva: Old man. Adopted Trajan. First of the Five Good Emperors. Died of a fever.
Trajan: Highest point in the empire. Died in Cilicia. From Crete. Adopted Hadrian. 3 rd persecution.
Hadrian: Barcocheban Jewish revolt quashed (131-135). Died slowly of disease. 4th persecution of
Christians.
Antoninus Pius: First Emperor to protect Christians. Most peaceful and prosperous time in Roman
History.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus: Philosopher. 5th persecution of Christians.
AD 138-161
AD 161-180
DECLINE OF PAGAN CONTROL. CIVIL UPHEAVAL
BLOODSHED
AD 180-193
AD 192
AD 193
AD 193
Commodus: 19 years old. Murdered by concubine in drunken sleep. Noted for his strength.
Pertinax: Killed by Praetorian Guard. Good man.
Julianus: Bought the throne at auction.
Septimus Severus: Marched on Rome & took power. Son, Caracalla attempted assassination.
Suicide overeating.
FAMINE & WANT
Caracalla and Geta: Brothers. Geta murdered by Caracalla in mothers arms. Caracalla went mad.
Assassinated.
Macrinus: Coward. Had Caracalla killed. Was killed in rebellion by troops.
Haliogabalus (Bassianus): Syrian. Age 14. High-priest. Extravagant. Killed by soldiers.
Alexander Severus: Good ruler. Protected Christians. Killed by his soldiers
Maximin: 8 ½ feet tall. Fantastic strength. Killed by his soldiers. 6th persecution
The two Gordians (father and son): Killed by supporter of Maximin
Pupeinus and Balbinus: Assassinated by the Praetorian Guards.
Gordian III: Age 12. Dominated by Timesitheus, the Praetorian Perfect. Poisoned by Philip.
Philip the Arabian: Killed Gordian. Defeated by Decius and killed.
AD 211-217
AD 217
AD 218-222
AD 222-235
AD 235-238
AD 238
AD 238
AD 238-244
AD 244-249
PLAGUE AND DEATH
Decius: Reluctant Emperor. Died in marsh surrounded by Goths. 7th general persecution.
Gallus: with Decius (son) and Hostilianus as colleagues. Killed by troops. 8 th persecution. Plague.
Aemilianus: Slain in battle by Valerian.
Valerian: Old man. Franks, Goths and New Persians pressed in. Captured by Persians and flayed
after seven years by Sapor and skin put up on wall of Persian temple. 9 th persecution.
Gallienus: Invasions of the empire. (Son) Time of the Thirty Tyrants. Killed by his soldiers.
Claudius II: Drove back the barbarians. Died in the plague.
Quintillius: (Brother) Killed by army after 17 days.
Aurelian: Routed the barbarians and restored the empire. New wall around Rome. Assassinated.
Marcus Claudius Tacitus: Age 75. Died in Cappadocia after 7 months.
Florian: (brother). Killed by his soldiers after 3 months.
Probus: Drained the marshes. Assassinated by soldiers. Drove back the barbarians.
Carus: Two sons with him in rule. Died or disease or struck by lightening in New Persian campaign.
Numerian and Carinus: (sons) slain separately.
AD 249-251
AD 251-253
AD 253
AD 253-260
AD 260-268
AD 268-270
AD 270
AD 270-275
AD 275-276
AD 276
AD 276-282
AD 282-283
AD 283-284
REORGANIZATION and ERA OF MARTYRS
Power transferred from military to Imperial, divided between Augusti. 10th persecution
284 Diocletian
(Title: Augustus)
285 Maximian
(Title: Augustus)
p.3
287 Cerousius
(Title: Augustus)
(N-124) = NT-292
in the East
(continued)
305 resigned
292 Constantius
(Title: Caesar)
305 (Augustus)
306 Constantine I
(continued)
(continued)
in the West
(continued)
305 resigned
292 Galerius
(Title:Caesar)
305 (Augustus)
306 died
307 Maxentius
307 returned
(continued)
(continued)
312 drowned
310 executed
311 died
293 assassinated
305 Severus
(Title: Caesar)
306 (Augustus)
307 suicide
307 Licinius
322 executed
305 Maximin
(Title: Caesar)
(continued)
(continued)
314 suicide
322-364
PAGANISM'S POLITICAL FALL / RISE OF CHRISTIANIZATION
325 Nicean Council called by Constantine. “Christ is God.”
330 Capital moved to Byzantium, Constantinople (or New Rome)
337 Constantine's baptism and death. His three sons take control.
331-360 Constantius II. (died)
331-350 Constans
(youngest-- killed by
Magnentius)
331-340 Constantine II
(oldest killed by Constans)
361-363 Julian the Apostate: Tried to revive paganism. Attempted to rebuild the Jerusalem temple. Killed by an arrow.
363-364 Jovian: Suffocated by fumes from charcoal burner.
FALL OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE
364-375
RISE OF THE EASTERN EMPIRE
Valentinian I: Died of burst blood vessel.
375-383 Gratian:
Killed in revolt of Maximus.
383-392 Maximus: Slain by Theodosius
392
Valentinian II: Murdered by Arbogastes.
392-394 Eugenius: (Imperial secretary) killed by
troops.
395-423 Honorius: Died. Stilicho, his administrator.
410
Rome sacked by Alaric the Visgoth 3 times.
423-455 Valentian III: Assassinated by Petronius
Maximus.
429
Vandals. conquered Spain and North Africa
431
Council of Ephesus on Depravity of man..
451
Council of Chalcedon on Humanity of Christ
451
Attila the Hun defeated at Chalons.
452
Attila devastates Northern Italy.
Pope Leo persuades him to spare Rome.
455
Petronius Maximus:
Killed in Vandal attack.
455
Vandals under Geneseric. sack Rome
455-456 Avitus:
Deposed by Count Ricimer.
457-461 Marjorian:
Deposed by Ricimer.
461-465 Libius Severus:
467-472 Anthemius:
Deposed by Ricimer.
p.4
364-378 Valens: Over Eastern Empire. Permitted the Visgoths to
find refuge from Huns by crossing Danube.
378-395 Theodosius the Great: Subdued the Goths and
completed the triumph over paganism.
381
Council of Constantinople on Holy Spirit.
390Theodosius repents after interdict for murder.
395-408 Arcadius:
408-450 Theodosius II: (8 yrs old)
bribed Huns to withdraw. Drowned.
450-453 Pulcheria: (sister) Married Marcian.
453-457 Marcian: Married Pulcheria.
457-474 Leo I: Thracian. Anthemius and Julius Nepos established
in the West through him.
(N-124) = NT-292
472-473
473-474
474-475
475-476
Olybrius:
Glycerius:
Deposed by Leo I of eastern empire.
Julius Nepos:
Deposed by Orestes
Romulus Augustulus:
Deposed by Odoacer.
474
Leo II., the Younger
474-491 Zeno: the Isaurian.
Eastern Roman Empire after fall of the West
491-518
Anistasius I., the Illyrian.
518-527
Justin I
527-565
Justinian I
565-578
Justin II
578-582
Tiberius II
582-602
Maurice, the Cappadocian.
602-610
Phocas
610-641
Heraclius
641
Constantine III., Heracleonus
641
Heracolonas
641-668
Constans II
668-685
Constantine IV., Pogonatus.
685-695
Justinian II (deposed).
695-698
Leontius
698-705
Tiberius III., Aspimar.
705-711
Justinian II. (restored)
711-713
Philippicus Bardanes
713-715
Anastasius II
715-717
Theodosius III
Isauric Race
717-741
Leo III., the Isaurian.
741-775
Constantine V
775-780
Leo IV
780-797
Constantine VI. and Irene.
797-802
Irene, Empress.
802-811
Nicephorus I., Logothetes.
811
Stauracius
811-813
Michael I
813-820
Leo V., the Armenian.
820-829
Michael II., the Stammerer.
829-842
Theophilus
842-867
Michael III., Porphyrogenitus.
Macedonian Race
867-886
Basil I., the Macedonian.
886-912
Leo VI., the Philosopher.
911-913
Alexander and Constantine VII., Porphyrogenitus.
913-959
Constantine VII
919-944
Romanus Lecapenus, co-emperor with his sons.
920
Christopher and his sons.
928
Stephen and Constantine VIII.
945
Constantine VIII. (alone)
959-963
Romanus II
963-969
Nicephorus II., Phocas.
969-976
John I., Zimisces.
976-1025
Basil II. and Constantine IX
p.5
(N-124) = NT-292
1025-1028
1028-1034
1034-1041
1041-1042
1042-1055
1055-1053
1056-1057
1057-1059
1059-1067
1067-1071
1071-1078
1078-1081
1081-1118
1118-1143
1143-1180
1180-1183
1183-1185
1185-1195
1195-1203
1203-1204
1204
Constantine VIII (?)
Romanus III., Argyropulus.
Michael IV., the Paphiagonian.
Michael V., Calaphates.
Constantine X., Monomachus, and Zoe
Theodora
Michael VI., Stratiotes.
The Comneni.
Isaac I., Comnenus.
Constantine XI., Ducas.
Eudocia and Romanus Diogenes.
Michael VII., Parapinaces.
Nicephorus III
Alexius I., Comnenus.
John Commenus.
Manuel I., Commenus.
Alexius II., Commenus.
Andronicus I., Comnenus.
Isaac II., Angelus Comnenus.
Alexius III., Angelus, the Tyrant.
Isaac II. and Alexius IV.
Alexius V., Ducas.
1204
1206
1216
1221
1228
French, or Latin Emperors.
Baldwin I. (of Flanders).
Henry I.
Peter de Courtenay.
Robert de Courtenay.
Baldwin II. (Latin dynasty ended in 1261)
1261-1282
1282-1328
1328-1341
1341-1347
1347-1354
1355-1376
1376-1379
1379-1391
1390
1391-1425
1425-1448
1448-1453
The Greek Empire Restored at Constantinople under the Palaeologi.
Michael VII., Palaeologus.
Andronicus II., the Elder
Andronicus III., the Younger.
John Palaeologus I (deposed)
John Cantacuzene
John Palaeologus (restored)
Andronicus IV
John V (restored)
John VII
Manuel II., Palaeologus.
John Palaeologus II
Constantine Palaeologus XIV. Killed and empire ended by the Turks, 1453
p.6
1206-1222
1222-1254
1254-1258
1258-1261
1261
Greek Emperors at Nice.
Theodore Lascaris I.
John III Ducas Vataces.
Theodore Lascaris II.
John IV Lascaris.
Michael Palaeologus.
(N-124) = NT-292