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Science TB pg A12-21
Vocabulary words: vertebrate, mammal, reptile,
amphibian, invertebrate, arthropod, mollusk, vascular
plant, nonvascular plant
 An animal is a living thing made of many cells that have
nuclei. Animals can’t make their own food.
 The animal kingdom is divided into 2 main groups.
 Vertebrates are animals with backbones.
 Animals without a backbone are invertebrates. Most
invertebrates form a hard outer covering.
 Plants are members of the plant kingdom. They have many
cells with nuclei.
 The plant kingdom is divided into 2 main groups.
 Vascular plants have tubes. These tubes can be found in the
roots, stems, and leaves. Water and nutrients are carried
through the plant in these tubes.
 Nonvascular plants don’t have tubes. They must absorb their
food and water so they need to live in moist, fertile places.
 Heartwood is the center of the trunk of a tree made of hard,
dead cells.
 Sapwood is around the heartwood. The living tubes that carry
water and food are found here. Each year a new layer of
sapwood is formed around a growth ring around the trunk.
 Bark is the outside layer of the tree which is made of dead
cells.
 Nonvascular plants do not grow to be large or tall.
You must be able to name an example of each of
the following: mammal, reptile, amphibian, arthropod,
mollusk, vascular plant and nonvascular plant.