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平成 1８年度
学年
自然環境システム学試験問題
学科
学籍番号
その一
講座
名前
Ⅰ．以下の文章の完成させるために最適な語句や文章の記号を選び、○をつけなさい。（各
問 2 点）
１．Earth can support life because of the presence of (a) heat; (b) oxygen; (c)
liquid water; (d) rocks.
２．Rocks formed from the cooling lava of volcanic eruptions are (a) igneous
rocks; (b) lithospheric rocks; (c) sedimentary rocks; (d) metamorphic rocks.
３．Observations should be made (a) before an experiment is designed; (b) while
an experiment is being conducted; (c) before and during an experiment; (d)
after the experiment is completed.
４．The abiotic factors in the environment include (a) plants; (b) animals; (c)
water; (d) microbes.
５．The most recent ice age ended about (a) 10,000 years ago; (b) 100,000 years
ago; (c) 1 million years ago; (d) 10 million years ago.
６．The decline in the anchovy industry of Peru is blamed on (a) pollution; (b)
dormancy; (c) EI Nino; (d) economics.
７．Habitat destruction can result in a loss of (a) species; (b) air; (c) energy; (d)
land.
８．A network of all of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem is caned (a)
food chain; (b) energy chain; (c) food web; (d) energy web.
９．The population that was not affected by the increase in the krill population
was (a) clams; (b) seals; (c) penguins; (d) squids.
１０．
The total amount of the organic matter in a trophic level is called the
(a) bioload; (b) food load; (c) biomass; (d) food mass.
１１．
Birds and bats have developed similar wings through a process called
(a) specialization; (b) predation; (c) biodiversity; (d) convergent evolution.
１２．
To fit its niche, a species (a) evolves; (b) reproduces; (c) competes; (d)
regresses.
１３．
If an ecosystem is disturbed, goes out of balance, and cannot return to
a state of equilibrium, the species living there will (a) freeze; (b) find new
resources; (c) move; (d) become extinct.
１４．
The kind of biome that will develop in an area is determined by
temperature and (a) pressure; (b) precipitation; (c) average wind speed; (d)
types of animals present.
１５．
The main difference between deserts and the tundra is (a) amount of
precipitation; (b) moisture content of the air; (c) limited topsoil; (d)
temperature.
１６．
An adaptation that helps trees survive in dry grasslands is (a) having
most of their mass below the ground; (b) having shallow roots; (c) growing
rapidly; (d) being drought - resistant.
１７．
The forest biome receiving the most annual precipitation is the (a)
deciduous forest; (b) coniferous forest: (c) rain forest; (d) steppe forest.
１８．
A type of standing-water habitat in which the soil is acidic and decay
is slow is called a (a) bog; (b) swamp; (c) marsh; (d) pond.
１９．
To be considered fresh water, water must contain salt in a
concentration (a) more than 30 parts per thousand; (b) less than 0.5 parts
per million; (c) more than 40 parts per million; (d) less than 0.5 parts per
thousand.
２０．
Compared to a temperate deciduous forest of the same size, a swamp
is about (a) twice as productive; (b) half as productive; (c) one-third as
productive; (d) three times as productive.
２１．
Sediment accumulation contributes to the formation of (a) salt
marshes; (b) mangrove forests; (c) both salt marshes and mangrove forests;
(d) neither salt marshes nor mangrove forests.
２２．
Modern humans have lived on Earth for about (a) 1000 years; (b)
10,000 years; (c) 100,000 years; (d) 1 million years.
２３．
Hunter-gatherer societies are often (a) nomadic; (b) semipermanent;
(c) permanent; (d) very dense.
２４．
When calculating global population growth, the death rate is (a)
added to the birth rate; (b) subtracted from life expectancy; (c) multiplied by
100; (d) subtracted from the birth rate.
２５．
At present, the growth patterns of the human populations are best
described as (a) above carrying capacity; (b) exponential; (c) arithmetic; (d)
stable.
平成 1８年度
学年
自然環境システム学試験問題
学科
学籍番号
その二
講座
名前
２６．
The nutrient that provides the greatest amount of energy per gram is
(a) fat; (b) vitamins; (c) protein; (d) carbohydrate.
２７．
The Green Revolution occurred during the (a) Middle Ages; (b)
nineteenth century; (c) the 1960s; (d) the l980s.
２８．
To help restore nitrogen to the soil, fields should occasionally be
planted with (a) cash crops; (b)grains; (c) legumes; (d) weeds.
２９．
The burning of garbage to produce electricity is an example of (a)
bioconversion; (b) fossil fuels; (c) hydrocarbon; (a) refining.
３０．
Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are (a) fuels; (b)
fossil fuels; (c) organic fuels; (d) hydrocarbons.
３１．
The fuel used in a breeder reactor is (a) Np-239; (b) U-238; (c) U-235;
(a) Pu-239.
３２．
Each year, an average person in the United states is exposed to a
radiation level of (a) 5 rems; (b) 0.5 rems; (c) 50 rems; (d) 500 rems.
３３．
Aerogenerators are used to produce electricity from (a) wind; (b)
moving water; (c) the sun; (d) heat inside Earth.
３４．
Photovoltaic cells convert the energy of the sun to (a) heat; (b) light;
(c) electricity; (d) fuel.
３５．
The sun is not involved in providing the energy in (a) wind energy; (b)
hydroelectric energy; (c) solar energy; (d) geothermal energy.
３６．
Mineral deposits in streams may be extracted by (a) open-pit mining;
(b) satellite imagery; (c) dredging; (d) leaching.
３７．
The environmental impact of mineral extraction can be reduced by (a)
15 percent; (b) using clean minerals; (c) recycling; (d) getting minerals from
the ocean floor.
３８．
Ocean dumping is a source of pollution for (a) land environments only;
(b) air environments only; (c) water environments only; (d) land and water
environments.
３９．
Wastes that explode easily are classified as (a) ignitable wastes; (b)
reactive wastes; (c) toxic wastes; (d)corrosive wastes.
４０．
In the home, most water is used for (a) cooking; (b) drinking; (c)
personal hygiene; (d) washing dishes.
４１．
Thermal pollution is caused by excess (a) heat; (b) sewage; (c)
inorganic materials; (d) radioactivity.
４２．
Normal rain has a pH of about (a) 4.0; (b) 5.6; (c) 7.0; (d) 8.4.
４３．
Disturbing an area of an ecosystem where an organism lives is called
(a) habitat destruction; (b) loss of biodiversity; (c) extinction; (d) evolution.
４４．
Japan currently recycles about (a) 10 percent of its waste; (b) 25
percent of its waste; (c) 40 percent of its waste; (d) 50 percent of its waste.
４５．
Earth can be considered a global ecosystem because its organisms (a)
live on the same planet; (b) interact closely; (c) use oxygen; (d) gather food in
special ways.
Ⅱ．２つの生物種が、同じ資源（例えば食料）を争う時、その後何が起きるでしょ
うか？考察しなさい。
（10 点）