Download Unit 1A Vocabulary: Periodization

Unit 1A Vocabulary: Periodization
anthropologist
era
Stone Age
archaeologist
geographer
Political
artifact
historian
turning points
economics
periodization
Unit 1A Vocabulary: Periodization
anthropologist – a scientist who studies the origin, the behavior, and the physical, social, and cultural development of humans.
archaeologist – a scientist who studies past human life and culture by the recovery and examination of artifacts.
artifact - anything created and left behind by humans that gives information about the culture of its creator.
economics – the study of the human behaviors practiced by people in order to meet their needs.
era – a segment of historical time.
geographer – a scientist who studies the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and
the effects of human activity.
historian – one who records and interprets human events of the past.
periodization - the division of history into periods or segments of time.
Stone Age – an historical era existing before humans learned to develop metal technologies, characterized by a hunting and
gathering way of life, and ending in most areas of the world between 4,500 and 2,000 B.C.
political – the exercise of power and influence, especially in regards to actions of a state or its government.
turning points – an event marking a unique or important historical change of course.
Unit 1B Vocabulary: Rise of Agriculture
civilization
hunter-gatherer
nomads
culture
Neolithic Revolution
Paleolithic
domestication
Unit 1B Vocabulary: Rise of Agriculture
civilization – complex societies characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced
technology.
culture - the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a society.
domestication – to take animals out of the wild and breed them for food production.
hunter-gatherer - a member of a culture in which food is obtained by hunting, fishing, and foraging rather than by agriculture or the
domestication of animals.
Neolithic Revolution – the major change in human life caused by the beginnings of farming when people shifted from being hunters
and gatherers to becoming food producers.
nomads - people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place in order to obtain food.
Paleolithic - of or relating to the earliest period of the Stone Age, ending about 15,000 years ago.
Unit 3B Vocabulary: River Valley Civilizations
Code of Hammurabi
Mesopotamia
pyramid
cuneiform
monarchy
Sumerians
dynasty
monotheism
theocracy
hieroglyphics
Nile River
Tigris & Euphrates
Huang He River
pharaohs
ziggurat
Indus River
polytheism
Unit 1C Vocabulary: River Valley Civilizations
Code of Hammurabi - a law code enacted by the Babylonian king, Hammurabi, dating back to about 1772 BC. The Code consists of
282 laws, with scaled punishments depending on social status, including "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.”
cuneiform - a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Sumerians around 3000 B.C..
dynasty - a ruling family that passes its authority and power down through many generations.
hieroglyphics - an ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds.
Huang He River - a major river that flows through China. It was critical to the development of the Chinese river valley civilization.
Indus River - a major river that flows through modern-day Pakistan. It was critical to the development of the Indus river valley
civilization.
Mesopotamia (“land between two rivers”) - the region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq. Here,
the Sumerians established the first river valley civilization.
monarchy - a government in which power is in the hands of a single person.
monotheism - a belief in a single, all powerful god.
Nile River - a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world. It was critical to
the development of Egyptian civilization.
pharaohs - kings of ancient Egypt, considered to be gods as well as a political and military leaders.
polytheism - a belief in many gods.
pyramid - large, triangular stoned tombs built by the Egyptians intended for the burial of their pharaohs.
Sumerians - a people of Mesopotamia that created the first large, complex society in human history.
theocracy - a government controlled by religious leaders; a form of government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure.
Tigris & Euphrates Rivers – major rivers that flow through Mesopotamia. They were critical to the development of Mesopotamian
civilization.
ziggurat - a religious, stepped-pyramid built by the Mesopotamians.