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HANDOUT A-1 Name: ________________________ Band: ___ What is Civilization? The first civilizations started because of agriculture. Agriculture, or farming, caused a dramatic change in how people lived. Because they were now able to grow food to support themselves, they started living in larger, more organized communities, like villages and then towns and cities. Every society that is considered a civilization has eight general features in common: 1. Cities 2. Well-organized governments 3. Complex religions 4. Job specialization 5. Social classes 6. Arts and architecture 7. Public works 8. Writing Directions: With your partner, read about the feature and answer the questions that follow. Feature # 1 – Cities Cities were the places where the first civilizations were born. A city is more than just a place with lots of people. The difference between a village and a city is that the city is a center of trade. Ancient cities depended on trade between people who grew more food than they could eat and decided to sell or trade it. Why were cities important to the growth of civilizations? What are some examples of this feature in today’s world? Feature # 2 – Government The large population of growing cities made it necessary for organized, effective governments. Governments keep peace and make important decisions for large groups of people. Governments protect their citizens and control public resources. In order for this to be done, taxes are collected. What role does government serve in a civilization? What are some examples of this feature in today’s world? Feature # 3 – Complex Religions Most ancient people were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods. They mostly worshipped forces of nature that strongly influenced their lives, such as sun gods, river goddesses and other spirits. In order to please these gods, ancient people sacrificed animals, built temples (religious buildings) and eventually, wrote down the beliefs of religions in sacred books. How did ancient people use religion to improve their lives? What are some examples of this feature in today’s world? Feature # 4 – Job Specialization People living in cities developed many different kinds of jobs. We call this job specialization. For example, some people became skilled craft workers, who made pottery or objects out of wood. Some were bricklayers, who built walls, or soldiers who defended the city, merchants who sold goods in the marketplace, and so on. What is job specialization? What are some examples of this feature in today’s world? Feature # 5 – Social Classes In cities, social organizations became complex. People were ranked according to their jobs. This ranking led to the growth of social classes. Priests and nobles were at the top of ancient society. Then, merchants, followed by craft workers were lower in society. Finally, peasants and farmers lived in villages and grew food for the city. In ancient societies, slaves were at the lowest level. People became slaves due to family debt or because of war. What social classes existed in ancient civilizations? How are people ranked in our society today (from highest to lowest?) With your partner, decide which feature of civilization each example of civilization in NYC belongs to. You can have more than one answer for each example. Mayor Bloomberg of NYC controls the schools, collects taxes, and does many other things that keep our city running. In Edward R. Murrow High school, janitors clean up the building, the nurse treats the sick students and the teachers educate the students. In NYC, stockbrokers on Wall Street trade stocks and control the money supply of businesses around the world. On Flatbush Avenue, you can find a Catholic church, an Islamic mosque, a Buddhist temple and a Jewish synagogue. A new subway line in New York City that will benefit millions of commuters daily. The artwork displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Modern Museum of Art. The New York City public library on 42nd street has floors and floors of library books. In your opinion, is New York City a “civilized” place? Explain your answer. (Use 3-5 facts and details to support your claim.) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Task Content Ideas 7-5 Completed task Thorough and insightful understanding of content Insightful and well considered ideas making multiple connections Activity Rubric-Handout 4-3 Some Incomplete task elements Complete understanding of content Ideas are considered; more than one thoughtful connection is made 2-1 Many incomplete task elelmets Shows incomplete understanding of material Ideas are unclear few connections HANDOUT A-2 Name: ______________________________ Band: _____ Video: “Ancient River Valley Civilizations” Directions: Go to our class website: dmaldonado.weebly.com, click on video tab, watch video “Ancient River Valley Civilizations. Complete the information below. Label the 4 River Valley Civilizations. Identify the river valley civilization and river where it started. Identify important facts. Ancient River Valley Civilization River Facts Describe the impact of geography on two river valley civilizations. _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Video Rubric 6-5 complete understanding of the concepts presented in the video. content is accurate and complete 4-3 partial understanding of the concepts presented in the video content is accurate, but incomplete 2--1 response is inaccurate, confused, and/or irrelevant, or the student has failed to respond to the task. content is incomplete and inaccurate HANDOUT A-3 Name: _________________________ Band: _____ Video: What was life like in Ancient Mesopotamia? Directions: Watch the “Sumerians” Brain Pop Video. While watching the video, take notes (record below) because you will need to take the “classic quiz” questions after the video and email them to [email protected] or print the quiz. *YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT UNLESS YOU HAVE NOTES WITH ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ QUESTIONS. LOG ON DIRECTIONS: BRAINPOP.COM Username: Murrow Password: Murrow1 Search Box: SUMERIANS NOTES: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Short Response: How did geography influence the development of Mesopotamia? (Use 4-5 facts and details) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Video Rubric 6-5 complete understanding of the concepts presented in the video. content is accurate and complete 4-3 partial understanding of the concepts presented in the video content is accurate, but incomplete 2--1 response is inaccurate, confused, and/or irrelevant, or the student has failed to respond to the task. content is incomplete and inaccurate HANDOUT A-4 Name: __________________________ Band: _____ Was Mesopotamia A Great Civilization? The earliest civilization was called Mesopotamia. The people who lived in Mesopotamia were called the Sumerians. Mesopotamia was located in an area (in present-day Iraq) called the Fertile Crescent. Five thousand (5,000) years ago, the Sumerians settled in villages in an area near the Persian Gulf (large body of water) where they started farming and trading with nearby people. Then, as more and more people started living there, the villages grew into cities. The Sumerians also had another important invention – a form of writing called Cuneiform. What was the earliest civilization called? Who were the people that lived there? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Civilization in Mesopotamia A. Writing: As people came together and began living in towns and cities, they needed ways to keep records for business and government. People needed ways to keep track of agreements, who owned what lands, and who owed money. In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians started using a system of writing using pictographs (a picture that represents a word – for example, a picture of a man represents a man) to keep track of records. But because it became too difficult to keep track of the pictures, the Sumerians started writing in cuneiform, which is made up of wedge-shaped marks that represent sounds and can be combined to form words. Why did people come up with a system of writing? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Does the English alphabet use pictographs or writing that represents sounds? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ B. Religion: Mesopotamia was a farming society – people needed good weather and fertile soil in order to survive. Because of this, people worshipped fertility gods, and asked them for fertile, rich soil and good weather for their crops. Nature influenced Mesopotamian society so much that people prayed to many nature gods. People worshipped many gods and goddesses, and they thought that these gods controlled every part of life – war, weather, disease. People thought that gods looked and behaved like humans did, but had supernatural powers. What kind of religion did the Sumerians have and why? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ According to the Sumerians, what kinds of things did their gods control? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ C. Architecture Sumerians built Ziggurats, which were large pyramid-shaped temples. At the top of each pyramid was a shrine where priests honored their city’s main god or goddess. What were Ziggurats? What were they used for? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ D. City Life In the Sumerian city of Ur, there are artisans, metal workers, potters, and so on. They make and exchange goods in return for barley, fish and other foods. In another part of the city, there is the palace of the kings. In the back of the city, towering above everything else are the ziggurats, the “palaces of the gods.” The land in Ur was partly by the temple – temple workers ran the government of the city. The rest of the land was owned by farmers who paid tributes to the temple by giving between 1/3 and 1/6 of their goods to the temple. What aspects of civilization are shown in the above story about the Sumerian city of Ur? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ What role did geography play in the development of Mesopotamia? (Use three to five facts and details to support your ideas.) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Make ten flashcards that identify the most important ideas represented in the handout. Task Content Ideas Activity Rubric-Handout/Flash Cards 6-5 4-3 Completed task/flashcards Some Incomplete task/flash card elements Thorough and insightful Complete understanding of content understanding of content Insightful and well considered Ideas are considered; more than one ideas making multiple thoughtful connection is made connections 2-1 Many incomplete task/flashcard elements Shows incomplete understanding of material Ideas are unclear few connections HANDOUT A-5 Name: _________________________ Band: _____ Mesopotamia Map Directions: Using the Atlas or the computer, complete a detailed of Mesopotamia. Map Rubric 6-5 4-3 Neatness /Color Student always uses color appropriate for features (e.g. blue for water; black for labels, etc.) on map and accurately based on the directions. All errors have been neatly corrected Student usually uses color appropriate for features (e.g. blue for water; black for labels, etc.). Accurately based on the. All errors have been neatly corrected Student does not use color appropriately. Corrections have not been 2-1 Labels - Accuracy At least 90% of the items are labeled and located correctly. 70-89% of the items are labeled and located correctly. Less than 70% of the items are labeled and located correctly. HANDOUT A-6 Name: ______________________ Band: _____ The Geography of China Directions: As you read, use your Active Reading Marks to identify key parts of the reading. Remember to respond to questions using facts and details to support your ideas. Like other ancient civilizations, China's first civilization developed in a river valley. China too, faced the dangers and destruction of flooding rivers. But unlike the other river valley civilizations, China's natural barriers somewhat isolated China from its neighbors. This isolation will have had a deep effect on how early Chinese civilizations would develop. The landforms of China help explain why early China developed in isolation. The Himalayan mountains close off China to the southwest. To the east stretches the Gobi desert. As a result of these geographic features, the Chinese developed a civilization quite different from others. The Chinese considered that they were special and believed that their land was the center of the world and called their civilization the "The Middle Kingdom". Why did the Chinese call their lands "The Middle Kingdom"? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Geographical barriers such as mountains and deserts isolated the Chinese people from people in other parts of Asia. This made contact with other civilizations very limited. However, when contact between foreigners and Chinese did occur it was usually followed by conflict (fighting). The Chinese considered people who did not speak Chinese to be barbarians (not like them/uncivilized). How did the Chinese view foreigners to their land? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ China's geographical isolation created another challenge for its people to overcome. Since early China was isolated from most of the world because of geographical barriers, early settlers had to make and supply their own materials because trading with people in other parts of Asia would be made difficult by mountains and deserts that almost surrounded China. What challenge did China's isolation cause its people? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ How did they overcome this challenge? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Chinese history began in the Huang He Valley. The Huang He River or Yellow River got its name from the loess, which is a fine yellow soil that is carried by the wind. Long ago the Yellow River earned a bitter nickname "River of Sorrow". As loess are blown into the river the soil settles to the river bottom, which raises the water level. This would cause flood waters to burst over the land. Such disasters destroyed villages, crops and brought mass starvation. What are loess? How do they contribute to the flooding of the Yellow River?__________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ How did the Yellow River get the nickname "River of Sorrow? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ China was ruled by many different dynasties or ruling families . The Chinese believed that as long as a dynasty provided good government, their Gods would favor them with good times. But as soon as a dynasty became corrupt (bad) or weak , the gods would become angry and punish all of the Chinese citizens. Floods, famine or other natural disasters were signs that a dynasty had made the gods angry and the only way to make them happy again, was to overthrow the old dynasty and replace it with a new dynasty. This would please their gods and the crops and weather would all go back to normal. How did natural disasters help decide who would rule China? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Directions: With a partner closely examine the map. Considering the geographical features on this map as well as all of the other information on this sheet, where is the best location to live in China? (Choose a letter) What would be the advantage and disadvantage of living in the location you selected? In what ways has geography played a role in the development of Ancient China? (2-3 facts) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Task Content Ideas 6-5 Completed task Thorough and insightful understanding of content Insightful and well considered ideas making multiple connections Activity Rubric-Handout 4-3 Some Incomplete task elements Complete understanding of content Ideas are considered; more than one thoughtful connection is made 2-1 Many incomplete task elelmets Shows incomplete understanding of material Ideas are unclear few connections HANDOUT A-7 Name: ___________________________________________________ Band: _____ Indus River Valley Listen and take notes on the lecture, India. Watch the video Ancient Indus River Valley on our class website: dmaldonado.weebly.com Complete the graphic organizer below with facts and details that will describe what you learned from the video. Answer the following questions below using facts and details from the video. 1. Describe the impact of geography on the Indus River Valley Civilization? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did this influence the development of the Indus River Valley Civilization? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Video Rubric 4-3 6-5 complete understanding of the concepts presented in the video. content is accurate and complete partial understanding of the concepts presented in the video content is accurate, but incomplete 2--1 response is inaccurate, confused, and/or irrelevant, or the student has failed to respond to the task. content is incomplete and inaccurate HANDOUT A-8 Name: _____________________________________ Band: _____ HOW DID GEOGRAPHY HELP SHAPE EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION? Directions : Answer questions using the maps on pages 23-24 of the Atlas. 1. The Indus River Valley civilization began almost 5000 years ago. According to the map key, what color will it be? ________________________________. 2. The city of Harappa is located in the Indus River Valley. What is the name of the geographic feature directly to the east? ________________________________. 3. What Continent is the Indus River Valley located on? __________________________________. The Following questions are based on the map in the Atlas. 1. Name two cities located on the Indus River. ________________________ & ____________________ 2. How many miles apart are those two cities? ___________________________. 3. What is the name of the mountains located to the north and west of the Indus River? ____________________________________ and _________________________________________________ 4. How might those mountains help the people living in the Indus River Valley? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What body of water does the Indus River empty into? _______________________________________ 6. What are the advantages of living near the Indus River? ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What features do the Indus River Valley civilization, Mesopotamia, and the Nile River Valley all share? How has if effected the development of their societies? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Rubric 6-5 pts Completes all elements of task demonstrates an understanding of the information presented in the task. 4-3 pts Completes most elements of task demonstrates some understanding the information presented in task.. 2-1 pts Incomplete task. Does not know what we the activity was about and can't write about it. HANDOUT A-9 Name: __________________________ Band: _____ The Code of Hammurabi Who Was King Hammurabi? Hammurabi (Ha-moo-rah-bee) was the king of Babylon, a city in Mesopotamia. (Remember, Mesopotamia was the first civilization in human history!) King Hammurabi lived about three thousand years ago. He was a ruler who wanted to be strict and fair with his people, so he wrote down a list of 282 laws. It was the first time in history that somebody wrote down a list of laws. This list is called the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was engraved (written) in stone and copies of the law were placed all around the kingdom of Mesopotamia. Fill in the blanks in the questions below according to the above reading and your knowledge of social studies. King Hammurabi was __________________________________ King Hammurabi lived in the first civilization in human history, called _________________________ The Code of Hammurabi was______________________________ Take a look at some of the laws in Hammurabi’s Code of Laws. #1 – If a man accuses someone of a crime that is punishable by death and cannot prove it, then that man will be executed. #22 – If a man robs someone’s house and is caught, he will be put to death. #25 - If a fire breaks out in a house, and someone comes to put out the fire and steals something from that house, then he will be thrown in the same fire. # 195 – If a son hits his father, his fingers will be cut off. # 196 – If a man destroys the eye of another man, they will destroy his eye in return. #200 – If a man knocks out a tooth of a man of his own social class, they will knock out his tooth. # 229 – If a man hires another man to build a house for a man, and the house built is of a low quality, and the house collapses, then the builder will be put to death. Scenarios: How Should the Law Punish Wrongdoers? 1. John and his parents have a fight. Things get out of hand and John ends up hitting his father in the eye and giving him a big black eye. How should John be punished in your opinion? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ How would the Code of Hammurabi punish John? _______________________________________________________ 2. Your friend Mr. Jones builds a house for you. After he builds the house, you move in with your family. While you are away on a business trip, your house collapses and kills your family. How should Mr. Jones be punished? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ How would the Code of Hammurabi punish Mr. Jones? _______________________________________________________ 3. You need an operation and Dr. Sams, your family doctor, is happy to do it. But something happens on the operating table and Dr. Sams kills you. How should Dr. Sams be punished? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ How do you think the Code of Hammurabi would punish Dr. Sams? __________________________________________________________________________ You and your partner have seen a lot of things around Murrow that you don’t quite agree with. Now is your chance to make a new set of codes that everyone will follow. With your partner, you must create TWO new codes. USE SHEET THAT THE TEACHER PROVIDES TO WRITE YOUR TEAMS NAMES AND RULES. EACH CODE MUST HAVE BOTH A RULE AND A PENALTY. Be creative! The Code of __________________________ (Your TEAM names) Rule# 1 _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Penalty for Rule # 1 ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Rule# 2_____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Penalty for Rule # 2____________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ HANDOUT A-10 Name: ________________________________ Band: _____ Video—China Mandate of Heaven: Watch the video about China on our class website: dmaldonado.weebly.com Fill in the graphic organizer below with at least 6 facts and details you learned from the video. How did Chinese Dynasties rule? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ What can this tell us about society in ancient China? _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Video Rubric 4-3 6-5 complete understanding of the concepts presented in the video. content is accurate and complete partial understanding of the concepts presented in the video content is accurate, but incomplete 2--1 response is inaccurate, confused, and/or irrelevant, or the student has failed to respond to the task. content is incomplete and inaccurate HANDOUT A-11 Name: __________________________ Band: _____ The Caste System Directions: Read the selection below carefully. India had a social system called the caste system. The term originated with the early Portuguese settlers, who described this system with their word caste, meaning breed, race, or kind. English visitors to India used the name caste. The caste system divided India's inhabitants into five groups: 1. The highest caste was the Brahmans, which included the Hindu priests and teachers. 2. The second highest caste was the Kshatriyas, which included soldiers, rulers, and other government officials. 3. The third caste was the Vaishyas, which included traders, shopkeepers, craftsmen, and independent farm owners or landowners. 4. The fourth caste was the Shudras, made up of unskilled laborers, landless peasants, and hired hands. 5. The last group was the pariahs or Untouchables. (Also known as Outcasts or Harijans.) These people did unclean work; such as taking care of pigs, handling dead animals, and sweeping streets. Because these people handled dirt and blood, they were believed to be impure. The outcasts were responsible for the hard work that allowed India's civilization to grow, yet they had no right to private property, paid high taxes, and suffered severe penalties for even a minor crime. This caste system was a central part of Hinduism, a main Indian religion, and began about 1500 B.C. The caste system was developed by a group of invaders called the Aryans, who conquered the dark-skinned Harappans who lived in northern India. The Aryans wanted to limit their contact with these people. Thus the caste system was begun. The caste system strictly governed daily life. A person's job was determined by the caste to which he or she belonged. A man's son belonged to' the same caste as he did. A person rarely left one caste to enter another. The caste a person was born in was usually the same caste in which the person died. Indians who were Hindus faithfully followed the caste rules of Dharma because of their belief in reincarnation, the rebirth of the soul in a new living form-human or animal. Their belief was that a soul would. Be reborn again and again until spiritual perfection was reached. Hindus believe that the way a person lives in the present determines his or her next life. This is called karma. A person's caste was believed by the Hindus to be the reward or punishment for the way a person had lived in a past life. If people were in a higher caste it was because they had lived a good and dutiful life. On the other hand, if people were born into a lower caste, it was because they had lived a bad life in the past. More than eighty percent of India's population today is Hindu, but the caste system has been outlawed by the government. Many of the rules of the system -have disappeared due to urban migration, industrialization, education, and the extension of the right to vote, but, according to some experts, -the caste system is still practiced in India's political and social life-regardless of the law. The lower caste groups stay in the lower caste because they still lack educational and economic opportunities, and they are not well-represented in government. Directions: Answer each question on your own. Then in small groups discuss your responses to the questions. 1. What is the Caste System? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the 5 groups that make up the Caste System? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the characteristics of each group (ex. specific jobs of each caste)? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Who developed this system? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What things were determined by a person's caste? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Define reincarnation _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Define Dharma __________________________________________________________________________ 8. Define Karma ___________________________________________________________________________ 9. What did a person's caste suggest about their previous life? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Is the Caste System still recognized in India today? _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Summary: Choice 3-2-1 or Quick Write question using two-three details from your reading to support response 3-2-1 Rubric Good 6-5 pts Fair 4-3 pts Poor 2-1 pt Covers a topic that was studied in class today and explains what that topic is. Identifies the topic studied in class but does not demonstrate a clear understanding of the subject is. Does not know what we did in class and can't write about it. Criteria Topic Covered Criteria Restate Question Use facts and details QUICK WRITE RUBRIC 6-5 4-3 Restated the question as Restated the topic the topic sentence sentence but is vague clearly Uses 4-5 facts and Uses 2-3 facts and details details 2-1 Did not restate the topic question and is not clear. Does not use facts and details HANDOUT A-12 Name: ____________________________________________ Band: ____ Video: Watch the “Egyptian Pharaohs” Brain Pop Video. While watching the video, take notes because you will need to answer the “classic quiz” questions after the video and email them to [email protected] or print the quiz. *YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT UNLESS YOU HAVE NOTES WITH ANSWERS TO THE QUIZ!* LOG ON DIRECTIONS: BRAINPOP.COM Username: Murrow Password: Murrow1 Search Box: Egyptian Pharaohs NOTES: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Video Rubric 6-5 complete understanding of the concepts presented in the video. content is accurate and complete 4-3 partial understanding of the concepts presented in the video Content is accurate, but incomplete 2--1 response is inaccurate, confused, and/or irrelevant, or the student has failed to respond to the task. Content is incomplete and inaccurate HANDOUT A-13 Name: _________________________ Band: _____ Global World THE BELIEFS OF CONFUCIUS Confucius is one of the most important and influential philosophers (thinkers) in China. Confucius was born in 551 BC (2500 years ago) into a poor family near Beijing (the capital of China). When he was growing up, China was in chaos. There was much disorder and groups of people were fighting to get power in the country. There were no good leaders around to calm China down and to keep control. For this reason, Confucius became interested in government at an early age. He started to think about how to create a peaceful society with a good leader, where everyone got along. He started advising the princes and other leaders of China and his beliefs on keeping a peaceful society became written down in a book called The Analects. His beliefs on how to create and maintain a peaceful society are called Confucianism. What was happening in China during Confucius’s childhood? What is Confucianism? Confucian Relationships In his book, The Analects, Confucius talked about the different relationships people in society should have with one another. 1. Fathers, show love to your sons. Sons, show respect in return. 2. Older brothers, look after your younger brothers. Younger brothers, be kind to your older brothers and always thank them for taking care of you. 3. Husbands, treat your wives with respect. Wives listen to your husbands and do everything they say. 4. Rulers, you must be good and kind towards your people. People who are ruled, you must be loyal to your ruler. 5. Friends should be kind to one another. Do you agree with all of these “Confucian relationships?” Explain. Pick one Confucian relationship above. Can you give an example of a time when you have followed this advice in your life? Share your responses with an elbow partner. (Someone next to you.) The Golden Rule of Confucius His student asked Confucius – “Confucius, can you give me one rule that will help me live through life?” Confucius said “Do not do to others that you wouldn’t want others to do to you!” According to Confucius, how should people treat one another? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Confucius on Government 1. Confucius said to a powerful ruler: “If you try to be good, your people will also be good.” 2. Confucius said “In a good country, there must be three things: enough food, enough military equipment and people’s faith in their ruler.” His student asked “If we couldn’t help it and one of these had to go, which one would you get rid of first?” Confucius replied “The military equipment.” His student asked again, “If we couldn’t help it and one of Confucius replied “Get rid of the food. It will hurt the people not to have food but it will kill them if they don’t have faith in their ruler.” Do you agree with Confucius’s ideas about government? Why/why not? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Scenarios: Can Confucius Create a Peaceful Society? #1 – You’re sitting in the cafeteria and having lunch. You notice that a student is gathering his things to go to his next class. You also notice that he’s walking away without his I-Pod, which is on the bench next to you. You realize that he has no idea that he left his I-Pod behind. What would you do? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ What would Confucius do? Why? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ #2 – You’re walking in Manhattan during rush hour and someone bumps into you. He spills some of his coffee on you and yells “WHAT IS THE MATTER WITH YOU? WHY DON’T YOU WATCH WHERE YOU’RE GOING?!” What would you do? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ What would Confucius do? Explain. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ #3 – You’ve been looking forward to your friend’s party for a long time. You picked out what you were going to wear and you can’t wait to hang out with all your friends. However, you failed two tests and your parents told you that you’re grounded and you can’t go to the party. What would you do? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ What would Confucius do? Explain. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ EXIT SLIP-COMPLETE AND HAND IN AT END OF CLASS.