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INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Steckroth 7th Grade INDUS VALLEY AREAS FIRST CIVILIZATION Harappan Civilization just discovered in 1920’s. Two major cities discovered Harappa (Pakistan) and Mohenjo Daro Before this discovery no idea that advance civilization had excited. INFO ABOUT THIS CIVILIZATION Developed on the Indus River, (2500BC) and later spread to other rivers in the area developed as far east as the Ganges River. Like the other civilization we have studied dependent on agriculture. Use irrigation to bring water to their fields. Had small industry They developed a trade network. Traded copper and bronze tools, clay pottery, and cotton cloth. Evidence that they traded Mesopotamia. We do not know much about this civilization because we can not read their language. What we do know is from the artifacts that archeologist have found. MORE ARTIFACTS WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED They were skilled craftsmen Build and used wheeled vehicles. Wore jewelry Had games Used copper and bronze Could read write and had a system of weights and measures. WHERE GREAT CITY DEVELOPERS Well planned Cities built with defense in mind Had an system to keep their cities from flooding Had public baths Had plumbing in many of their buildings Homes were made of bricks PICTURES OF MOHENJO DARO AND HARAPPA END OF HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION Ended 1700BC-1500BC Why is a mystery Perhaps destroyed by invaders Or maybe a natural disaster like an earthquake or flooded caused the civilization to collapse. Or the Indus River may have changed its course. Whatever it was it evidently severe enough to cause the fall of the civilization ARYANS SOCIETY Light skinned nomadic herders Came through Khyber pass in Hindu Kush mountains . Probably from what is today Russia Settled in northern South Asia Began around 1500BC Spoken language known as Sanskrit They had oral history- passing on religious teaching and hymns by word of mouth Later Sanskrit become a written language Their religious tradition written in holy text known as Vedas. ARYAN’S ARYANS ARRIVE IN SOUTH ASIA VEDAS - TELLS OF 4 LARGE SOCIAL GROUPS- VARNAS- Varna (Social Hierarchy) Brahmins priest Kshatriyas warriors Vaishyas farmers, craftspeople,merchants, herders Shudras unskilled workers and laborers VARNA KNOWN AS CASTE SYSTEM OR JATI No one can move to another caste. You are born into the caste, you are in the same caste as your parents. Can not marry anyone outside of your caste. Each caste has strict rules of conduct which must be followed. Caste system still exist today but not quite as important. Also more social groups exist. TWO RELIGION DEVELOPED Hinduism First to Develop One of world oldest religions. Third largest religion in the world. A mixture of the Aryan beliefs and mixed with others in the area that they conquered. Worship 1000’s of deities, but all are part of the one eternal spirit called Braham All leaving beings want to unite with the Braham. Believe in reincarnation. Becoming purer each time until you finally meet the Braham. To reach a purer state you must perform your dharma or duty. Every caste has a different dharma. The consequences of how you live is you Karma. Braham BUDDHISM Began in 500 BC Started by Hindu Prince Siddhartha Gautama Left the life of wealth in search of truth. Became the enlighten one. Buddha means enlighten one Suffering comes from want. Follow eight fold path to find Truth Eight Fold path includes: 1. thinking clearly 2. working hard 3. showing great concern for all living things. By following the eight steps you can reach nirvana.( state of endless peace and joy) EMPIRES ARISE After Buddha’s death India was divided into many small kingdoms. About 322BC a young warrior led a rebellion Chandragupta Maurya was his name. He build the Mauryan Empire this empire governed until 185 BC. Build thousands of roads to connect the empire Most important ruler was Asoka-237BC He brought most of India under the Mauryan Empire through warfare. Horrified by all the deaths caused by warfare he became a Buddhist and encourage peace and tolerance of all religions and people. He spread Buddhism missionaries to Asia. Trade and culture thrive under his rule. Empire fell after his death. SOME ACHIEVEMENTS Developed the numbers 1-9 Symbol for zero -0 Cotton Making of steel- strong(wood steel) Herbal medicines, plastic surgery Discover of 7 of 9 planets Algebra, geometry, use of pie.