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Cultures of Persia, India, and China 2011-2012 WHI SOL Part III Nebuchadnezzar is also the same king who built this famous structure in Babylon for his homesick wife. The Hanging Gardens The Babylonians would eventually be conquered by the Persians. Where were the Persians from? Iran Who was the Persian King who conquered the Babylonians? Cyrus How did Cyrus treat the people that he had conquered? With Tolerance After conquering Babylon, Cyrus allowed these people to return to Israel and Judah. The Jews What was the religion that the Persians practiced? Zoroastrianism Who was the founder of the Zoroastrian religion? Zoroaster Zoroaster taught that their were two opposing forces in the Universe. What were these forces? Good and Evil The teachings of Zoroaster were recorded in this holy book The Avesta The Persians, instead of forcing their religion on the people they conquered, allowed the Jews and all the other people they conquered to practice their religion freely. This is known as? Religious Toleration Cyrus soon had built an empire. His son Cambyses would extend the empire by conquering the land of the Pharaohs. What land did he conquer? Egypt Who was the third king of Persia? Darius Darius developed an administration of government through departments staffed with non-elected officials. This type of government would be known as an Imperial Bureaucracy Darius divided the Persian Empire into 20 provinces, and placed a governor in charge of each province. What were these governors called? Satraps Darius also built this to make travel across Persia’s conquered territories easier The Royal Road The classical Indian Valley Civilization began by this river The Indus River Over time, the civilization would be extended east to this river The Ganges What mountains would border the Indian subcontinent The Hindu Kush and the Himalayas What ocean is south of India? The Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean What were the two major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization? Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro A group of Indo-Europeans migrated into the Indus Valley through the Hindu Kush. Who were these people? The Aryans The Aryans soon dominated the people of the Indus Valley region. They would develop a structured social hierarchy system known as The Caste System This religion developed in India. The Caste System is an integral part of it Hinduism The Hindus believed in many forms of one god In Hinduism, one would move up or down in the caste system as a result of ones thoughts and actions. What is this known as? Karma Karma influenced your position in the caste system as Hindus believe in a system of rebirth known as reincarnation What are the two most sacred writings in Hinduism? Vedas and Upanishads A man named Siddhartha Guatama developed another religion in India. What would he come to be known as? The Buddha The term Buddha means this The Enlightened one Siddhartha explained his new faith as a search for answers to life’s mysteries that he had not found in this religion. Hinduism Siddhartha (the Buddha) laid out four main ideas that he had understood in his Enlightenment. What were these ideas known as? 1) Everything in life is suffering and sorrow 2) The cause for all the suffering in the world is people’s selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of the world. 3) The way to end all suffering is to end all desires 4) The way to overcome such desires is to attain enlightenment. This is done by following the eightfold path, which is called the middle way between desires and self-denial The fourth Noble Truth explained that by following this one could attain enlightenment What is the Symbol for Buddhism? Classical Chinese Civilization What civilization is located in this area? China China had one of the four River Valley Civilizations. Between what rivers did this civilization emerge? Huang He and Yangtze What is another name for the Huang He River? The Yellow River In China’s early years, many warlords fought one another as they were all trying to gain control of China. What was this time period known as? The Time of Warring States the art or practice that seeks to foresee or foretell future events Divination In Chinese History, the divine (godly) approval thought to be the reason dynasties were allowed to keep royal authority Mandate of Heaven