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Hinduism and Buddhism Develop Chapter 3 Section 2: pages 76-82 Hinduism --No single founder and no single sacred text --Grew out of diverse beliefs of people who settled in India --As religion was added to, became very complex Buddhism --Founded by Siddhartha Gautama --Hindu prince, isolated --Sees suffering for the first time --Leaves home and seeks answers from Hindu scholars --Finally sits under tree and eventually becomes “enlightened” --Single unchanging, all-powerful force in everything called Brahman --All gods and goddesses took many forms --Each person has essential self called atman --Goal of existence is to achieve moksha, union with Brahman --Believe in reincarnation (rebirth) to allow people to continue to work towards moksha --Obey karma to achieve moksha—karma is all actions of your life that affect fate in next life --Stress importance of dharma—religious and moral duties of individual—duties vary according to class, gender, occupation, etc. --Believe in no-violence called ahisma -Believes and teaches Four Noble Truths 1. All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow 2. Cause of suffering is nonvirture or negative deeds and mindsets like hatred and desire 3. Only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture 4.Way to overcome nonvirture is to follow the Eightfold Path Sacred literature/texts --No single text --Hindu teachings recorded in 4 Vedas --Upanishads address mystical questions --Texts examine ideas about human souls --Teachings collected in Tripitaka or Three Baskets of Wisdom --Emphasizes duty Effect on society and the caste sytem --Caste (social hierarchy system)was linked to Hindu beliefs --Higher up in caste system more likely to achieve moksha --impacted your entire life—clothes, diet, occupation, marriage, neighborhood --Karma affected caste—must fulfill duties at present level to be better in the next life Jainism grew from Hinduism and still exists --separates into 2 sects (subgroups)— Theravada and Mahayana Theravada more work Mahayana is easier path Founder/Origins/ Background Key beliefs Growth/Spread Eightfold Path: right views, right aspiration, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right thinking Commit to 4 Noble truths, live moral life, and practice meditation—goal was nirvana or union with universe (released from reincarnation) --Buddhism declines in India --Spreads east into China, Japan, Tibet, Indonesia