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India Review
India is located in Southern Asia
2 - Himalayan Mountains
Label the mountain range on your map
• The Himalayan Mountains
were created by the collision
of the Indian Subcontinent
and the Asian Plate
– The plates are still running
into each other and the
Mountain Range continues to
rise
• It is the tallest mountain
range in the world
– The top 98 out of 100 tallest
mountains in the world
Mt. Everest
(view from a plane)
4- Indus River
Label the river on your map
• Located in modern-day
Pakistan
• Starts in the Himalayas
and empties into the
Arabian Sea
• This is where the Indus
Valley Civilization
originated
5- Arabian Sea
Label on your map
6- Ganges River
Label the river on your map
• Located in modern-day India
and Bangladesh
• The most populated river in
the world
– 400 million people live along
the Ganges
• Empties into the Bay of
Bengal
7- Bay of Bengal
Label on your map
Climate of India
What is climate?
• Climate- Weather conditions over a
long period of time
– (how much rainfall each year, average
temperature for a place)
– Climate and weather are similar, but not the same thing!
• Climate= Long period of time
• Weather = Right now
Monsoons
• Monsoon- Seasonal winds that produce wet
and dry seasons in India
Floods
• In the summer months, the rains from monsoons
can cause floods
– Floods caused by monsoons- New Report
Drought
• Sometimes the summer monsoons don’t bring
the rain that is expected
• This can lead to a severe shortage of food, also
known as famine
News Report- Drought in India
Cyclones
• Similar to a hurricane
• Violent storm with fierce rotating winds
– Winds can reach up to 200 mph
• About 5-10 tropical cyclones affect South Asia
every year
• On your map, draw a cyclone in the Indian Ocean
Cyclone Phailin
hits India
Tsunamis
• Giant ocean waves caused by earthquakes and
landslides
• On your map, draw a giant ocean wave that
symbolizes a tsunami
The Aryans
Aryan Invasion
• The Aryans were a group from Eurasia
– They were nomads who traveled from place to
place
• Around 1500 BCE, they settled in India around
the Indus River
Aryan Invasion
• The Aryans conquered and took
control of the cities of the Indus
Valley
– The people of the Indus Valley had
been weakened by famine
• The Aryans were strong warriors
and also had advanced weapons
and tools
Cultural Diffusion
• Cultural Diffusion- The spreading of culture
– Ideas, technology, food, music, clothing, etc.
• The Aryans gave up their nomadic lifestyle and
settled in India
– They brought their culture to India
• Over time, Aryan culture merged with the local
culture
Impact of Aryan Culture
• The Aryans had major influence on Indian
culture in 3 major areas
• Religion: Hinduism
• Written Language: Sanskrit
• Social Structure: Caste System
Hinduism
• The Hindu religion is based off several Aryan
beliefs:
– The belief in many gods and that these gods lived
in nature
– The Vedas are sacred texts (similar to the Bible)
SanskritA written language
• When the Aryans came to India, the people in
India did not have a universal language
• The Aryans introduced Sanskrit and it spread
throughout India
– The Vedas were written in Sanskrit
Caste System
• The caste system in India has
been around for over 2,000
years
• People are divided into groups
based on their occupation
• People remained in their castes
for life
There are 5 different levels within the Caste System
Caste System
Brahman- Priests and other holy men
Caste System
Kshatriyas- Rulers, warriors, and land owners
Caste System
Vaishyas- Merchants and traders
Caste System
• Shudras- Artisans and farmers
Caste System
• Harijans- Outside the Caste System, known as
“Untouchables”
Time Period
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Add these events to your timeline.
Mark the year and the event.
3000 BCE- Indus Valley civilization begins
1500 BCE-Aryans invade (bringing hinduism,
sanskrit and the caste system)
• 1498 CE- Vasco DeGama arrives in India
• 1653 CE-Taj Mahal is completed
• 1920 CE- Gandhi begins his non-violent
campaign