Download Cell Division Study Guide

Cell Division Study Guide
* What is the protein disk that attaches the two chromatids together (found at the center)?
kinetochore
* What is this structure called?
centromere
* Where can you find this structure?
at the center of a chromosome
* How many chromosomes are found in your body cells? __46____ How many pairs of chromosomes are found
in your body cells?_23__ What are the two types of chromosomes found in your body? Sex chromosomes (X &
Y), autosomes_
* Define karyotype. Process used to examine an individual’s chromosomes
* Is this individual normal or do they have a
genetic abnormality? normal
* Is this individual a male or female? How do
you know? Male, has both X & Y sex
chromosomes
* What type of cell division occurs in bacteria? Binary fission
* The longest stage of the cell cycle is _interphase__ (it consists of G1, S, G2).
Mitosis
Meiosis
_asexual__ reproduction (sexual or asexual)
___somatic____ cells (somatic or sex)
_2N__ = diploid (N or 2N)
What are the results of mitotic division?
2 identical diploid daughter cells
__sexual___ reproduction (sexual or asexual)
_sex____ cells (somatic or sex)
__N__ = haploid (N or 2N)
What are the results of Meiotic Division?
4 haploid daughter cells
1__ division (1 or 2)
Creates _genetic __ variation
Label the stages of mitosis below and then write the correct order.
1. ___Prophase__
2. __telophase___
3. ___anaphase__
* Correct order of the stages above: _1__  _4__  __3_  _2___
4. _metaphase___
* Explain what happens during cytokinesis. In animal cells the cell membrane is pinched inward about
midway between the dividing cell’s two poles (called a cleavage furrow); through the action of
microfilaments the cleavage furrow pinches the cell into two separate cells
In plant cells vesicles made by the Golgi apparatus fuse in the middle of the dividing cell and eventually
form a cell wall called the cell plate
* What does crossing-over allow chromosomes to do? Allows for the exchange of genetic material between
maternal and paternal chromosomes (genetic recombination)
* The diploid number of chromosomes in a human nerve cell is 32. The number of chromosomes found in a
human gamete is __16___.
* How many chromosomes are in the somatic cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 16? 32
* What are three ways in which genetic recombination results during meiosis. Crossing-over, independent
assortment, fertilization
*Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
MITOSIS
*end product is 2 diploid
daughter cells
*somatic cells undergo
this process
*creates body cells
*purpose is for growth
and maintenance
*results in the same # of
chromosomes as the
parent cell
*creates human cells
with 46 chromosomes
MEIOSIS
*creates new cells
*occurs in plant and
animal cells
*undergo DNA
replication first
*starts with one parent
cell
Review:
 organic molecules (name, function, building block)
 cell organelles (name, function and location)
 Cell transport (diffusion, osmosis, active transport, passive transport)
 Enzymes
 Cellular respiration (equation, products, location)
 Photosynthesis (equation, products, location)
 DNA, RNA, DNA Technology
*results in ½ the # of
chromosomes as the
parent cell
*crossing over occurs
*purpose is for reproduction
*creates sex cells
*end product is 4 haploid
daughter cells
*creates human cells with 23
chromosomes