Download SKELETAL SYSTEM

NERVOUS SYSTEM
FUNCTION
Coordinates all
the activities in
your body
STRUCTURE
Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): gathers information from inside and
outside of body
The CNS receives messages from the nerves in the PNS, interprets
them, and sends out response.
Impulses can be carried at speeds of up to 280 miles per hour
Neurons: nerve cells
1.Sensory Neuron
2. Motor Neuron
3. Interneurons
A neuron consists of three main parts:
1.Cell Body: contains the nucleus, or control center of the cell. Regulates
the production of proteins within the cell
2.Dendrites: receive information from other neurons or sensory receptors
and transmit impulses toward cell body.
3.Axons: transmit impulses away from the bell body towards another
neuron, muscle cell or gland
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The Spinal Cord
Vertebrae: bones in spinal cord
Spinal Meninges: connective tissue
Cerebrospinal Fluid: absorbs shock and nourishes nerve tissue
The Brain
Cerebrum: the largest and most complex part of the brain
Divided into 2 hemispheres
1. Right controls the Left side of body
2. Left controls the Right side of the body.
Right Hemisphere: center for processing music and art and comprehending
spatial relationships
Left hemisphere: center for language, reasoning, and the ability to analyze
and think critically about math or science problems.
Frontal Lobe: controls voluntary movements and has a role in the use of
language.
Parietal Lobe: involved in sensory information (heat, cold, pain, touch,
body position in space)
Occipital Lobe: controls sense of vision
Temporal Lobe: controls sense of hearing and smell, Memory, thought,
and judgment.
Cerebellum: second largest part of the brain. Function is to coordinate the
movement of skeletal muscles.
The Brain Stem: a three-inch stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connects
the spinal cord to the rest of the brain.
Medulla Oblongata: lowest part of brain stem. Regulates heartbeat and
respiratory rates as well as reflexes such as coughing, sneezing, and
vomiting. Receives input and sends motor impulses to the cochlea of the
inner ear for hearing and to the tongue for movement during speech and
swallowing.
Pons: just above medulla. Pathway connecting nerve impulses to other
areas of brain. Regulates breathing. Controls muscles of the eyes and face.
Midbrain: highest portion of the brain stem. Functions to control eyeball
movement and pupil size. Reflexive response of turning your head when
you hear an unexpected loud noise.
Thalamus: relay center for incoming sensory impulses.
Hypothalamus: controls and balances various body process to regulate
body temperature, stimulate appetite for food and drink, and regulate sleep.
Also controls secretion from the pituitary gland that controls metabolism,
sexual development, and emotional responses.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): controls involuntary functions
such as digestion and heart rate.
Sympathetic Nervous System: cause heart rate to increase, blood vessels
to dilate. “Flight or Fight” response.
Reflex: a spontaneous response of the body to a stimulus
Parasympathetic Nervous System: rest and relaxation
Somatic Nervous System:
Consists of sensory neurons that relay messages from receptors in the eyes,
ears, nose, tongue and skin to the CNS and motor neurons that carry
impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
CARE OF
Eating and well-balanced diet
Exercising Regularly
Getting enough sleep
Wear protective gear
Avoid Alcohol and Drugs
PROBLEMS
Using Drug and Alcohol and can destroy
brain cells and cause nervous system
disorders
Head and Spinal Cord Injury Examples:
falls, sports activities, car crash, physical
assaults, gunshot wounds
Head Injuries
1. Concussion
2. Contusion
Spinal Injuries
Quadriplegia: injury to upper part of spinal
cord. Results in paralysis of both upper and
lower limbs
Paraplegia: injury to lower part of spinal cord.
Results in paralysis of both lower limbs
Degenerative Diseases
1.Parkinson’s Disease
2.Multiple Sclerosis
3.Alzheimer’s Disease
Other Disorders and Problems
Epilepsy: a disorder of the nervous system that
is characterized by recurrent seizures – sudden
episodes of uncontrolled electrical activity in
the brain.
Cerebral Palsy: a group of nonprogressive
neurological disorder that are the result of
damage to the brain before, during, or just after
birth or in early childhood.