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Advantages and Disadvantages: The North had economic advantages South had many qualified military leaders North had 22 million people South had 9 million people North could raise a larger army South had fewer people who could support war effort Northern factories produced goods, clothes, ammunition, and shoes. North had a financial advantage-they controlled national treasury. North could take advantage of tariff . The North ability to win the war caused people to withdraw money (gold & silver) Without gold and silver the government could not issue bonds. In turn they could not pay for supplies. North and Congress passes the Legal Tender Act=created national currency and allowed the government to issue paper money. This is known as GREENBACKS Confederacy’s financial situation was not good. It became worse over time. Southern banks were small and had little reserves. Confederates had to tax their own people. Confederates printed paper money and this in turn increases inflation. Becomes worthless Plus Union blockaded the Southern port cities. POLITCS Lincoln had to deal with abolitionists, while he still supported slavery to continue. Lincoln had to deal with divisions in his own party. Peace Democrats wanted to end the war and preserve the Union through negotiations. Republicans see the Democrats as an act of treason. Called them COPPERHEADS. (venomous snake) Lincoln suspended rights (habeas corpus)=refers to a person’s rights not to be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial. Weak southern government. State’s right were important to the Confederacy. Limited central government meant Davis had a hard time conducting the war. DIPLOMATIC POLICIES North did not want any interference from European powers. They want Europe to respect the blockade of southern ports. The South wanted the opposite. They wanted Europe to help MILITARY TACTICS The war was the battle of ATTRITION=the wearing down of one side by the other through exhaustion of soldiers and resources. SOUTH’S STRATEGY Pick battles carefully Retreat when necessary Wage a defensive war of attrition Avoid large battles UNION’S ANACONDA PLAN Union blockade of Confederate ports. Send gunboats down the Mississippi to divide the Confederacy. A snake that slowly strangles its prey. Lincoln wants a quick victory to end the war. BATTLE OF BULL RUN 1st battle. Confederate forces were massing in Virginia (25 miles from D.C.) Lincoln was pressured to attack the Confederates quickly. Union success at first, pushed Confederates back to stream called Bull Run. Jackson brings in reinforcements. Gets his name “Stonewall Jackson” Union forces decide to fall back. Retreat turns into panic CONFEDERATE VICTORY MADE CLEAR THE UNION WOULD NEED LARGE FORCES TO DEFEAT CONDERATES BATTLE OF THE IRONCLADES Confederates rebuild U.S.S. Merrimac and renamed the C.S.S. Virginia. Confederate ship sails down Elizabeth River to attack Union wood sided blockade ships. Union sent Monitor down to help blockade. Union Monitor stops the Merrimac from attacking any other Union ships. A new age of naval warfare was started. ANTIETAM General Lee wants to invade Maryland. Only an invasion in would convince the North to accept the South’s independence General McClellan (UNION) sent after General Lee Lee waits at Sharpsburg and McClellan’s troops are at Antietam Creek. McClellan attacks. Bloodiest one day battle of the war. 6,000 killed and 17,000 wounded. UNION VICTORY THIS CONVIENCED BRITISH NOT TO RECOGNIZE CONFEDERACY CONVIENCED LINCOLN TO ISSUE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION= a decree freeing all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863. Did not address slavery in border states… only focused on state fighting against the Union. Lincoln address. September 22, 1862 Now turned into a fight for liberation for the slaves. TURNING POINT Taking control of the Mississippi River was critical for Union. BATTLE OF VICKSBURG UNION VICTORIES Admiral Farragut captured New Grant seized control of the Orleans. river as far south as Memphis Seizing control Mississippi Delta of the Victory at Shiloh If Union could capture Vicksburg, then the Union could cut the South in two. Grant has his troops cross the Mississippi River and come at Vicksburg from the west and then march south missing the swamps and rivers in the area north. Attack from the south Grant has cavalry troops raid and distract Confederates in Vicksburg while Grant can move his troops south of the city. GETTYSBURG Confederates want to launch another invasion of the North. Lee sets sights on Washington, DC. But he travels up to Pennsylvania to re supply and reorganize and head south to D.C. Lee’s troops take over Gettysburg town while Union troops set up defense of outside of town. Lee orders Confederate troops to attack but Union troops held their ground. THE DISASTER AT GETTYSBURG PROVED TO BE THE TURNING POINT OF THE WAR. FOR THE REST OF THE WAR GENERAL LEE’S FORCES REMAINED ON THE DEFENSIVE. SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA After occupying Atlanta, Sherman proposed to march across Georgia. He wants to cut a swath to the sea and divide the Confederacy in two. March 1864, Sherman marches through Georgia. Cutting a path of destruction and pillaging everything in his path. He takes revenge. Sherman takes revenge on South Carolina for perception of starting the secession. SOUTH SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE Battles at Petersburg, VA and Lee’s attempt to escape forced Lee into surrendering at Appomattox Courthouse. General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Courthouse. NORTH VICTORY IN THE CIVIL WAR STRENGTHENED THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTOVER STATES. TRANSFORMED AMERICAN SOCIETY BY ENDING SLAVERY. BUT IT LEFT THE SOUTH SOCIALLY AND ECONOMICALLY DEVESTATED. >Blockade runners=small, fast vessels the South used to smuggle goods past the blockade runners. Enabled the South to ship some of its goods to Europe for money.