Download Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages and Disadvantages:
The North had economic advantages
South had many qualified military leaders
North had 22 million people
South had 9 million people
North could raise a larger army
South had fewer people who could support war effort
Northern factories produced goods, clothes, ammunition, and shoes.
North had a financial advantage-they controlled national treasury. North could
take advantage of tariff .
The North ability to win the war caused people to withdraw money (gold & silver)
Without gold and silver the government could not issue bonds. In turn they could
not pay for supplies.
North and Congress passes the Legal Tender Act=created national currency
and allowed the government to issue paper money. This is known as
GREENBACKS
Confederacy’s financial situation was not good. It became worse over time.
Southern banks were small and had little reserves. Confederates had to tax their
own people. Confederates printed paper money and this in turn increases
inflation. Becomes worthless
Plus Union blockaded the Southern port cities.
POLITCS
Lincoln had to deal with abolitionists, while he still supported slavery to continue.
Lincoln had to deal with divisions in his own party.
Peace Democrats wanted to end the war and preserve the Union through
negotiations. Republicans see the Democrats as an act of treason. Called them
COPPERHEADS. (venomous snake)
Lincoln suspended rights (habeas corpus)=refers to a person’s rights not to be
imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given a trial.
Weak southern government. State’s right were important to the Confederacy.
Limited central government meant Davis had a hard time conducting the war.
DIPLOMATIC POLICIES
North did not want any interference from European powers. They want Europe
to respect the blockade of southern ports.
The South wanted the opposite. They wanted Europe to help
MILITARY TACTICS
The war was the battle of ATTRITION=the wearing down of one side by the other
through exhaustion of soldiers and resources.
SOUTH’S STRATEGY
Pick battles carefully
Retreat when necessary
Wage a defensive war of attrition
Avoid large battles
UNION’S ANACONDA PLAN
Union blockade of Confederate ports. Send gunboats down the Mississippi to
divide the Confederacy.
A snake that slowly strangles its prey.
Lincoln wants a quick victory to end the war.
BATTLE OF BULL RUN
1st battle. Confederate forces were massing in Virginia (25
miles from D.C.) Lincoln was pressured to attack the
Confederates quickly. Union success at first, pushed
Confederates back to stream called Bull Run. Jackson
brings in reinforcements. Gets his name “Stonewall
Jackson” Union forces decide to fall back. Retreat turns into
panic
CONFEDERATE VICTORY
MADE CLEAR THE UNION WOULD NEED LARGE
FORCES TO DEFEAT CONDERATES
BATTLE OF THE IRONCLADES
Confederates rebuild U.S.S. Merrimac and renamed the
C.S.S. Virginia. Confederate ship sails down Elizabeth River
to attack Union wood sided blockade ships. Union sent
Monitor down to help blockade. Union Monitor stops the
Merrimac from attacking any other Union ships. A new age
of naval warfare was started.
ANTIETAM
General Lee wants to invade Maryland. Only an invasion in
would convince the North to accept the South’s
independence
General McClellan (UNION) sent after General Lee
Lee waits at Sharpsburg and McClellan’s troops are at
Antietam Creek. McClellan attacks.
Bloodiest one day battle of the war. 6,000 killed and 17,000
wounded.
UNION VICTORY
THIS CONVIENCED BRITISH NOT TO RECOGNIZE
CONFEDERACY
CONVIENCED LINCOLN TO ISSUE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION= a decree freeing all enslaved persons in
states still in rebellion after January 1, 1863. Did not address slavery in border
states… only focused on state fighting against the Union. Lincoln address.
September 22, 1862
Now turned into a fight for liberation for the slaves.
TURNING POINT
Taking control of the Mississippi River was critical for Union.
BATTLE OF VICKSBURG
UNION VICTORIES
Admiral Farragut captured New Grant seized control of the
Orleans.
river as far south as Memphis
Seizing
control
Mississippi Delta
of
the Victory at Shiloh
If Union could capture Vicksburg, then the Union could cut
the South in two.
Grant has his troops cross the Mississippi River and come at
Vicksburg from the west and then march south missing the
swamps and rivers in the area north.
Attack from the south Grant has cavalry troops raid and
distract Confederates in Vicksburg while Grant can move his
troops south of the city.
GETTYSBURG
Confederates want to launch another invasion of the North.
Lee sets sights on Washington, DC. But he travels up to
Pennsylvania to re supply and reorganize and head south to
D.C.
Lee’s troops take over Gettysburg town while Union troops
set up defense of outside of town. Lee orders Confederate
troops to attack but Union troops held their ground.
THE DISASTER AT GETTYSBURG PROVED TO BE THE
TURNING POINT OF THE WAR. FOR THE REST OF THE
WAR GENERAL LEE’S FORCES REMAINED ON THE
DEFENSIVE.
SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA
After occupying Atlanta, Sherman proposed to march across
Georgia. He wants to cut a swath to the sea and divide the
Confederacy in two.
March 1864, Sherman marches through Georgia. Cutting a
path of destruction and pillaging everything in his path.
He takes revenge. Sherman takes revenge on South
Carolina for perception of starting the secession.
SOUTH SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX
COURTHOUSE
Battles at Petersburg, VA and Lee’s attempt to escape
forced Lee into surrendering at Appomattox Courthouse.
General Lee surrenders to General Grant at Courthouse.
NORTH VICTORY IN THE CIVIL WAR STRENGTHENED
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENTOVER STATES.
TRANSFORMED AMERICAN SOCIETY BY ENDING
SLAVERY.
BUT IT LEFT THE SOUTH SOCIALLY AND
ECONOMICALLY DEVESTATED.
>Blockade runners=small, fast vessels the South used to smuggle goods past
the blockade runners. Enabled the South to ship some of its goods to Europe for
money.