Download Chapter 7B - Kean University

WEDNESDAY
OCTOBER 17
B 109
3:30PM
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
New date
New Jersey Center for Science, Technology and Math Education (CSTME)
&
The Department of Biology
Present
The Cancer Journal Club
(CJC)
Hosted by Dr. David Alvarez-Carbonell & Dr. Jeffry Fasick
Starting Thursday, October
18th @ 4:00PM
Meetings are scheduled every Thursday from 4:00PM to 5:00PM
Pizza and Sodas will be served in every section
Kean University • 1000 Morris Ave. T-117, Union, NJ 07083-0411
Web: http://www.kean.edu
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Physical Therapy Club Meeting
Wednesday, October 17
Bruce 208A
3:30 pm
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Orbits
Bony cavities in which the eyes are firmly encased and
cushioned by fatty tissue
Formed by parts of seven bones:
Frontal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Palatine
Lacrimal
ethmoid
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Orbits
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.9b
Nasal Cavity
Constructed of bone and hyaline cartilage
Roof – formed by the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid
Lateral walls – formed by the superior and middle
conchae of the ethmoid, the perpendicular plate of
the palatine, and the inferior nasal conchae
Floor – formed by palatine process of the maxillae
and palatine bone
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Nasal Cavity
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Figure 7.10a
Nasal Cavity
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Figure 7.10b
Paranasal Sinuses
Mucosa-lined, air-filled sacs found in five skull bones:
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Paired maxillary bones
Air enters the paranasal sinuses from the nasal cavity and
mucus drains into the nasal cavity from the sinuses
Lighten the skull and enhance the resonance of the voice
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Paranasal Sinuses
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Figure 7.11
Hyoid Bone
Lies just inferior to the mandible in the anterior neck
Only bone of the body that does not articulate directly with
another bone
Anchored by stylohyoid ligaments to the styloid processes of
the temporal bones
Acts as a movable base for the tongue
Body & horns are points of muscle attachment that raise and
lower the larynx during swallowing and speech.
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Vertebral Column
Formed from 26 irregular bones (vertebrae) connected in such a way that
a flexible curved structure results
Axial support of the trunk (skull to pelvis)
Surrounds / protects the spinal cord
Attachment point for the ribs and muscles
Fetus: 33 bones, 9 fused to form 2 composite bones: the coccyx and
sacrum
Cervical vertebrae – 7 bones of the neck
Thoracic vertebrae – 12 bones of the torso
Lumbar vertebrae – 5 bones of the lower back
Sacrum – bone inferior to the lumbar vertebrae that articulates with the
hip bones
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Vertebral Column
Cervical vertebrae – 7 bones of the neck
Thoracic vertebrae – 12 bones of the torso
Lumbar vertebrae – 5 bones of the lower back
Sacrum – bone inferior to the lumbar vertebrae that
articulates with the hip bones
Coccyx – articulates with the sacrum:
TOTAL = 26
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Vertebral Column
Convex: bulging outward
Concave: “caving” inward
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Figure 7.13
Vertebral Column: Curvatures
Posteriorly concave curvatures – cervical and
lumbar
Posteriorly convex curvatures – thoracic and sacral
Abnormal spine curvatures include scoliosis
(abnormal lateral curve), kyphosis (hunchback),
and lordosis (swayback)
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Vertebral Column: Ligaments
Major supporting ligaments are: Anterior and Posterior
Continuous bands down the front and back of the spine from the neck to
the sacrum
Anterior longitudinal ligaments:
Posterior longitudinal ligaments
Broad, resists bending backwards attached to both the vertebrae and
the discs
Not as broad, resists bending forward, attaches only to discs
Ligamentum flavum:
Connect vertebra above and below.
Elastic consistency and strong
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Vertebral Column: Ligaments
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Figure 7.14a
Vertebral Column: Intervertebral Discs
Cushion-like pad composed of two parts
Nucleus pulposus – inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the
disc its elasticity and compressibility
Annulus fibrosus – surrounds the nucleus pulposus with a
collar composed of collagen fibers (superficially) and
fibrocartilage (internally)
Limits the expansion of the nucleus pulposus when the
spine is compressed
Binds successive vertebrae together
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General Structure of Vertebrae
Body or centrum – (anteriorly)
Vertebral arch – (posteriorly)
disc-shaped, weight-bearing region
composed of pedicles and laminae that, along
with the centrum, enclose the vertebral foramen
Vertebral foramina – make up the vertebral canal
through which the spinal cord passes
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General Structure of Vertebrae
Spinous processes project posteriorly, and
transverse processes project laterally
Superior and inferior articular processes – protrude
superiorly and inferiorly from the pedicle-lamina
junctions
Intervertebral foramina – lateral openings formed
from notched areas on the superior and inferior
borders of adjacent pedicles
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General Structure of Vertebrae
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Figure 7.15