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7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 139— John Brown & Harper’s Ferry
April 7, 2014
Focus: Turn to page 494 in your textbook. Read John Brown’s last Speech at the top of the page and then answer the
question in the box entitled “Analysis Skill.”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze John Brown’s raid and its impact on increasing sectional tension between the North and the South.
Homework:
-Read and outline Chapter 15, Section 4 pgs. 496-497 (due 4/8)
-Current Events due Monday 4/14
-Chapter 15 Test Wednesday 4/9
Handouts:
“John Brown’s Body”
I. John Brown’s Raid
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
John Brown
Harper’s Ferry
Robert E. Lee
J.E.B. Stuart
Thomas Jackson
Henry A Wise
Edmund Ruffin
fire-eater
Honor System
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What future Confederate Generals captured John Brown?
What is a fire-eater?
What was the reaction to John Brown’s raid?
John Brown’s Body lies a mold’ring in the grave
Old John Brown’s body lies moldering in the grave,
While weep the sons of bondage whom he ventured all to save;
But tho he lost his life while struggling for the slave,
His soul is marching on.
John Brown was a hero, undaunted, true and brave,
And Kansas knows his valor when he fought her rights to save;
Now, tho the grass grows green above his grave,
His soul is marching on.
He captured Harper’s Ferry, with his nineteen men so few,
And frightened "Old Virginny" till she trembled thru and thru;
They hung him for a traitor, themselves the traitor crew,
But his soul is marching on.
John Brown was John the Baptist of the Christ we are to see,
Christ who of the bondmen shall the Liberator be,
And soon thruout the Sunny South the slaves shall all be free,
For his soul is marching on.
The conflict that he heralded he looks from heaven to view,
On the army of the Union with its flag red, white and blue.
And heaven shall ring with anthems o’er the deed they mean to do,
For his soul is marching on.
Ye soldiers of Freedom, then strike, while strike ye may,
The death blow of oppression in a better time and way,
For the dawn of old John Brown has brightened into day,
And his soul is marching on.
Notes
Class 139— John Brown & Harper’s Ferry
April 7, 2014
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry:
 An abolitionist, violent (Pottawatomie Massacre)
 Attacks the federal arsenal (gun warehouse) at Harper’s Ferry, VA
o Would use the weapons to lead a slave revolt
o Takes the arsenal and was waiting around for the slaves to rise up
o Robert E. Lee and J.E.B. Stuart show up. Stuart, the parley, walks and sees it is John Brown for the first
time. Brown refuses to surrender and Stuart waves in a detachment of 12 marines
o The marines charged with fix bayonets. All over in a few minutes. One marine and 2 of Brown’s men
were killed in the assault
o When he was captured, John Brown received several slashes from a ceremonial sword. He could barely
sit up in court during his trial
o Tried to start a slave revolt without telling the slaves
o Two of his sons die
o John Brown will be hanged
Reaction to Brown’s Raid:
 Northerners
1. Ralph Waldo Emerson
 John Brown would “make the gallows as glorious as the cross.”
2. Henry David Thoreau
 “an angel of light.”
3. Abraham Lincoln
 Brown “agreed with us in thinking slavery wrong, that cannot excuse violence, bloodshed and
treason.”
 Slave holders/Southerner
1. Edmund Ruffin-Southern Nationalist and fire eater-push for separation
 “Villainn of unmitigated turpitude” but also a “very brave & able man….it is impossible…not to
respect his thorough devotion to his bad cause, & the undaunted courage through which he has
sustained it….”
2. Gov. of VA Henry A Wise
 “He is a bundle of the best nerves I ever saw cut and thrust and bleeding in bonds….He is a man
of clear head, of courage, fortitude, and simple ingenuousness. He is cool, collected, and
indomitable….and he inspired me with great trust in his integrity as a man of truth. He is a
fanatic, vain and garrulous but firm, truthful, and intelligent.
 After the Civil War Wise stated, “John Brown was a great man, sir. John Brown was a great
man.”
 “Plainly, some of the leading intellectuals in the North had subsidized Brown to lead a slave insurrection, and
when he paid the penalty for his act, he had been mourned more than any American since Washington. The
South, realizing this fact, questioned whether the American Union was a reality or merely the shell of what had
once been real.”
 VA Enquirer-“The Harpers Ferry invasion has advanced the cause of disunion more than any other event that has
happened since the formation of its government.”
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7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 140— Election of 1860
April 8, 2014
Focus: Turn to page 495 in your textbook. Look at the map and answer the question in the box entitled “Geography
Skills.”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will analyze the election of 1860.
2. I will recognize Lincoln’s election as the last the straw that broke the camel’s back.
Homework:
-Chapter 15 Test Wednesday 4/9
-Current Events due Monday 4/14
Handouts:
None
I. Candidates in the Election of 1860
II. Reaction to the Winner
III. Creation of the Confederate States of America
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Abe Lincoln
John Crittenden
John C. Breckinridge
John Bell
Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
Alexander Stephens
Stephen Douglas
Constitutional Union
Southern Democrat
Northern Democrat
Republican
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
What was the reaction to Lincoln’s Election?
Who was the President of the Confederacy? Vice President?
What state was the first to secede? What other states followed its lead?
Who were the four candidates in the Election of 1860, what was the name of their party, and what was their platform?
Notes
Class 140— Election of 1860
April 8, 2014
Election of 1860:
 Abe Lincoln (R)-stop westward expansion of slavery-WINNER
 Stephen Douglas (ND)-Popular Sovereignty
 John C. Breckinridge (SD) Kentucky-believed in the right of secession but hoped to compromise
 John Bell-slave owner (CU)-keep union together and to stand on the Constitution
“The tea has been thrown overboard, the revolution of 1860 has been initiated.”
 December 20, 1860 SC secedes-followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, LA, and TX (deep/lower
South)
o Name of the new nation (Confederate States of America)
o What states belong to it (Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, LA, and TX,SC)
o Capital city (Montgomery move to Richmond when VA secedes)
o President (Jefferson Davis)
o Vice President (Alexander Stephens)
o Flags (Stars and Bars)
o Constitution: Just like the Union’s except cannot pass tariffs to protect industry and protects slavery
o “To a much greater degree than the slaveholders desired, secession had become a slaveholder’s
movement, toward which people of the counties with few slaves showed a predominantly negative
attitude.”
 Upper South waits (TN, VA, NC, MA, KY, AR, MO, and DE)-John Crittenden’s attempted compromise
Lincoln proceeds to set out for Washington DC.
 Lincoln said goodbye to his friends in Springfield, Illinois, and took a train to Washington, D.C. He told them he
wasn’t’ sure he’d see them again. He arrived secretly, by night and was privately ushered into the White House
by soldiers. Why the need to enter D.C. secretly?
o English actress overheard an attempt to shoot him at his inauguration
o Handbags full of grenades were discussed around the city
st
 1 presidential inauguration attended by “secret service”
o Soldiers on roofs/plain clothes
o Passage way covered w/ wooden planks to protect him while exiting the carriage
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7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 141— Test
April 9, 2014
Homework:
-Current Events due Monday 4/14
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 1 pgs. 510-512 stop @ Northern Resources (due 4/10)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 1 pgs. 512-515 start @ Northern Resources (due 4/11)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 516-518 (due 4/15)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 519 (due 4/16)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 520-521 (due 4/21)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 3 pgs. 522-525 (due 4/22)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 528-531 (due 4/23)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 532-534 (due 4/24)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 536-537 stop @ Battle of Gettysburg (due 4/30)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 537-540 start @ Battle of Gettysburg/stop @Union Campaigns Cripple the
Confederacy (due 5/2)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 540 Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy only (due 5/7)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 541-543 (due 5/8)
-Chapter 16 Test Thursday 5/15
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7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 142— Fort Sumter & Civil War Geography
April 10, 2014
Focus: Turn to page 511 in your textbook. Look at the picture and answer questions 1 & 2 in the box entitled
“Geography Skills.”
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will identify Fort Sumter as the official start of the American Civil War.
2. I will create and analyze a map of the American Civil War.
Homework:
-Current Events due Monday 4/14
-Finish your map
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 1 pgs. 512-515 start @ Northern Resources (due 4/11)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 516-518 (due 4/15)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 519 (due 4/16)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 520-521 (due 4/21)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 3 pgs. 522-525 (due 4/22)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 528-531 (due 4/23)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 532-534 (due 4/24)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 536-537 stop @ Battle of Gettysburg (due 4/30)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 537-540 start @ Battle of Gettysburg/stop @Union Campaigns Cripple the
Confederacy (due 5/2)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 540 Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy only (due 5/7)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 541-543 (due 5/8)
-Chapter 16 Test Thursday 5/15
Handouts:
Civil War Map
I. Fort Sumter
II. Civil War Geography
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Jefferson Davis
General P.G.T. Beauregard
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who fired the first shot at Sumter?
How many people died at Sumter?
Edmund Ruffin
Major Anderson
Directions: Use the maps located on pages 512, 517, 523, 529, and 541 to label the information below.
 Label the 11 Confederate States of America
o Shade the 7 states of the Lower South Red
o Shade the 4 states of the Upper South Pink
 Label the 4 border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
o Shade the Border States Light Blue
 Label the remaining 20 states that remained in the Union
o Shade these 20 states Blue
 Label the following bodies of water:
o Atlantic Ocean
o Pacific Ocean
o Gulf of Mexico
o Mississippi River
 Label the following cities with a dot:
o Richmond, VA
o Charleston, SC
o Washington, D.C.
o Atlanta, GA
o Savannah, GA
 Label the following battle sites with an * :
o Antietam
o Fredericksburg
o Chancellorsville
o Shiloh
o Vicksburg
o Gettysburg
o Petersburg
Notes
Class 142— Fort Sumter & Civil War Geography
April 10, 2014
Fort Sumter:
 Almost ½ a year from Lincoln’s election until the attack
 Charleston Harbor
 Running out of food
 CSA can’t claim to be its own nation if another nation has forts on its land
 Lincoln:
o He would not surrender federal property or acknowledge the existence of the CSA, but he would try to
avoid confrontation to give time for calm thought and reflection
 Jefferson Davis orders General P.G.T. Beauregard to demand the fort’s surrender-if they refuse to destroy it
 Major Anderson (Union commander of Fort Sumter) actually doesn’t refuse to surrender and says in a few more
days he would be starved out, but the CSA still opens fire
o South looks the aggressor
o Starts the war in a manner that gave cause to the Union an eruptive force that would have taken time to
acquire otherwise
o April 12, 4:30 A.M. the first shell was launched-the bombardment lasted 33 hours
o One of the first shots was fired by the 67 year old fire-eater Edmund Ruffin
o A combined total of nearly 5,000 artillery rounds were fired-no deaths on either side-deceptively
bloodless beginning to a very bloody war
 Lincoln calls for the upper South to send militia—Upper South secedes
o Upper South
 Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas
Border States:
 States that had slavery but remain in the Union due to martial law (military law)
 Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri
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7th Grade Social Studies
Mexico & U.S. History from the Revolution to Reconstruction
Class 143— Strengths and Weaknesses of North and South
April 11, 2014
Focus: Explain the following quote and apply it to the American Civil War: “Nowhere do events correspond less to
men’s expectations than in war” (Livy, History of Rome).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Student Objectives:
1. I will recognize what the North and the South believe they are fighting for.
2. I will recognize that the Civil War not only divided the nation but also families.
3. I will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the North and South at the outset of the Civil
War.
4. I will identify key wartime figures:
 Jefferson Davis
 Abraham Lincoln
 Robert E. Lee
 Winfield Scott
Homework:
-Current Events due Monday 4/14
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 516-518 (due 4/15)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 519 (due 4/16)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 2 pgs. 520-521 (due 4/21)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 3 pgs. 522-525 (due 4/22)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 528-531 (due 4/23)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 4 pgs. 532-534 (due 4/24)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 536-537 stop @ Battle of Gettysburg (due 4/30)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 537-540 start @ Battle of Gettysburg/stop @Union Campaigns Cripple the
Confederacy (due 5/2)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 540 Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy only (due 5/7)
-Read and Outline Chapter 16, Section 5 pgs. 541-543 (due 5/8)
-Chapter 16 Test Thursday 5/15
Handouts:
none
I. Reasons for fighting
II. Dividing families
III. Strengths and Weaknesses
IV. Key leaders
Key terms/ideas/ people/places:
Jefferson Davis
Abraham Lincoln
Yankee
West Virginia
Railroad
Robert E. Lee
By the end of class today, I will be able to answer the following:
Who was the commanding general of the South?
List two advantages and disadvantages for both the North and the South.
Winfield Scott
Rebel
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
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Notes
Class 143— Strengths and Weaknesses of North and South
April 11, 2014
What the North and South and fighting for:
 “The South meant to destroy the Union; the North meant to invade the South”
 “What are you rebels fighting for, anyway?” “The question struck me there and then as supremely ludicrous.
Here were we Virginians standing on our own soil, fighting on our native heath against an invading army,
defending what every man holds dear—his home and his fireside.”
 South’s challenge to government was a challenge to republican government-Americans believed republican
government was the source of freedom and if the government was destroyed so to would their personal liberty be
destroyed
o “Home is sweet and friends are dear, but what would they all be to let the country go to ruin, and be a
slave….If I live to get back, I shall be proud of the freedom I shall have, and know that I helped to gain
that freedom.” John Brobst (Wisconsin)
o “Not the [African American], not the [African American]. The [African American] was not the chief
thing. The chief thing was to stick together.” Walt Whitman
West Virginia separated from Virginia in 1861, and was admitted to the Union as the 35th state in 1863.
Note: The new state initially called itself Kanawha meaning “place of the white stone,” referring to salt deposits in the
region. But they residents soon changed the name to West Virginia when they wrote a new state constitution. After the
Civil War, Virginia wanted West Virginia to reunite with it. West Virginia refused.)
Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederacy.
 West Point
 During the war with Mexico, Davis served with distinction as colonel of the 1st Mississippi
Infantry
 Secretary of War for Franklin Pierce
 Planter from Mississippi
 U.S. Senate: defended slavery and argued against secession, though believed states had an
unquestionable right to secede from the Union
 Wanted to be a General in the Confederate Army
 inaugurated on February 18, 1861
Abraham Lincoln – 16th President of the United States.
 mostly self-educated
 Illinois state legislature from 1834 to 1842
 Lost to Stephen Douglas in 1858
Robert E. Lee – Commander of the Rebel Army
 ranked 2nd in his graduating class at West Point Military Academy
 During the Mexican War, Lee was promoted to colonel due to his gallantry and distinguished
conduct
 no special sympathy for slavery
 Virginia secedes-Lee resigns his commission
 offered of command of all U.S. forces under Scott
 Loved by his troops-refused to go into battle until Lee was at a safe distance…”General Lee to the
rear! General Lee to the rear!”
 Lee-“It is well that war is so horrible, else we should grow too fond of it.”
Winfield Scott – First Union Commander
 old hero of the Mexican War
 nickname “Old Fuss and Feathers” because of his obsession with uniforms and discipline.
Strengths
Weaknesses
South
Defending homeland
Ride horses
Use guns
Attended military school
Best officers
Few factories
Few railroads
States’ rights
Small population
North
Large population
Industry
Railroads
Navy
Farmland
Economy
Must invade a large, hostile
land