Download Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Unit 8: Respiratory
Diseases
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Pasteurellosis
• Affects cattle, sheep, swine
• Cause
• Various Pasteurella spcs.
• Responsible for shipping fever, pneumonia, etc.
• Livestock can become extremely sick and
septic
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
• Involves bacteria, environmental, and viral
•
•
factors
Can affect upper and/or lower respiratory tract
Cause
• Often seen after significant period of stress
• Weaning, commingling, shipping, parturition, etc.
• Morbidity can be >50%, mortality >10%
• Can be caused by one agent, or several in
combination
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Causative agents
• IBR
• Fever
• Interferes w/ antibody function
• BVD
• immunosuppression
• BRSV
• Colonization of lung tissue
• immunosuppression
• PI3
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
•
• Pasteurella spcs. & Haemophilus spcs.
Clinical Signs
• 5-10d
• Usual morbidity outbreak ~20%
•
May be closer to 40% if body temps are monitored
• Mortality may be 5% through the outbreak
• Temp of 104° or higher
• Eye and nasal discharge
• Increased respiration rate and distress
• Can have permanent damage to respiratory mucosa
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Prevention
• Reduce stress
• Don’t multiply stressful operations
• Increase immunity
• Vaccinate before stress period
• Factors to consider
• Animal age
• Younger animals may not respond to
•
vaccinations as well due to colostrum immunity
Nutritional status
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• May use live or killed vaccines, depending on
situation
• Treatment
• May mass treat group w/ antibiotics before clinical
signs
• Penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, etc.
• Many are IM, or SQ
• May add a fever reducer
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

PI3
• Cause
• Viral infection of the respiratory tract
• Spread by airborne transmission, or contact w/
infected animals, contaminated feed/water,
equipment, shoes, clothes
• Usually appears shortly after stress
• Clinical signs
• Gaunt
• Depressed
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Snotty nose
• Cough
• Temp 104-106
• Prevention
• Vaccination
• Both for this and IBR
• Provides cross immunity
problems
to other respiratory
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
• Acute viral infection of respiratory and
•
reproductive tract
Cause
• Herpes related virus
• Can be found in respiratory, reproductive, eye,
brain areas
• Also in aborted fetus of infected dams
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Spread by:
• Contact w/ infected animals
• Air
• Contaminated equipment, carriers, etc.
• Incubation time ~20d
• Clinical Signs
• Respiratory Form
• Incubation 2-14d
• Gaunt, depression, high fever, snotty nose
• White, stringy nasal discharge
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Course of disease is about 5 - 7d
• Severe drop in milk production
• Reproductive Tract
• Known as IPV
• Pustules that will become ulcerated within the
vagina, or on male reproductive tract
• Abortion & Neonatal Disease
• Abortion 3-5 wks after infection of IBR
• Abortion rate may be 25%
• >5.5 mos pg may be >60%
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Prevention
• Vaccination
• Same basic program as PI3
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Tuberculosis
• Chronic infectious disease
• Can affect, cattle, swine, & humans
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Cause
• 3 types are infectious
• All Mycobacterium spcs
• Spread by air, contaminated feed/water
• Clinical Signs
• Spread is rare, but rapid
• May be expressed in the respiratory or
mammary
gland
• Swine usually slaughtered before disease can
manifest
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Prevention
• No recommended vaccine
• Test positive animals are slaughtered
• Treatment
• No treatment options

Strangles
• Bacterial disease
• Inhibits breathing by lymph node swelling,
•
nasal discharges
Affects horses
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Cause
• Contagious disease of upper respiratory tract
• Spreads by contact w/ infected horses and/or
environmental contamination
• Young horses most susceptible (<5 yrs old)
• Most common in training or boarding stables where
many horses come and go
• Clinical Signs
• High fever 104-106
• Watery to yellow nasal discharge
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Swelling of lymph nodes under jaw & throat
• May abscess and drain in 7-14d
• Prevention
• Quarantine of new animals 4-6 wks
• Vaccination
• Recovered horses can still shed
• Treatment
• Isolation
• Soft, palatable feed to keep up energy
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Antibiotics
• Flushing/draining of abscesses

Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex
• Experienced by virtually every swine producer
• Viral, bacterial, parasitic, causes
• Included pathogens (12 known)
• Pseudorabies
• Haemophilus
• Swine Influenza virus
• Mycoplasma
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Clinical Signs
• Detection is difficult
• Eye, ear, nasal discharge, sneezing
• Cough, increased respiration rate
• Loss of appetite
• Increased cull rate
• Contributing Factors
• Environmental and management factors can
influence
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• All-in/all-out has helped to decrease
• Thermal
• Maintain proper temp zone, not too hot or cold
• Gases
• Excess ammonia concentration allows for deep
penetration of inhaled particles into the lungs
• Moisture
• Avoid excessive moisture
• Particles
• Feed dust and animal dander is a common disease
carrier
Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases
• Microorganisms
• Minimize incubation and multiplication of diseasecausing pathogens
• Cause effectively decrease rates of gain
• Increases other disease susceptibility