Download Chapter 8 Test Study Guide

6th Grade Science-Chapter 8 Test Study Guide
Lessons 8.1 and 8.2
The ability to do work or cause change is called energy.
Energy is measured in units called joules.
The rate at which energy is transferred is called power.
Potential energy that depends on height is called gravitational potential energy.
Potential energy that is associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed is called elastic potential energy.
Be able to recognize examples of objects that have potential energy or kinetic energy.
(Examples: rolling ball = kinetic
sitting rock = potential )
The energy an object has due to its motion (energy of motion)-kinetic energy
The energy that results from the position or shape of an object (resting or stored energy)-potential energy
The energy associated with motion, position, or shape of an object –mechanical energy
How would you calculate an object’s mechanical energy? Add its kinetic and potential energies.
M.E. = K.E. + P.E.
The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object –thermal energy
The energy stored in chemical bonds that hold compounds together –chemical energy
The energy associated with moving charges, or electric current-electrical energy
The energy of radiation, including visible light and microwaves –electromagnetic energy
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom-nuclear energy
Know how to use the following equations.
kinetic energy = ½ x mass x speed^2
or kinetic energy = mass x speed x speed ÷ 2
gravitational potential energy = weight x height
mechanical energy = potential energy + kinetic energy
power = energy transferred ÷ time
The ball loses kinetic energy as it rises and gains potential energy. The ball has the greatest potential energy at
position C. The ball gains kinetic energy as it drops and loses kinetic energy.
The amount of Kinetic Energy in an object depends on the mass and the speed of the object. Object A has the most
kinetic energy since it has the most mass and is travelling the fastest. Object C has the least kinetic energy since it
has the most mass and is travelling the slowest.
A
C
 8m/s
 5m/s
B
 8m/s
Lessons 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5
A change from one form of energy into another is called an energy transformation.
Examples of energy transformations:
1)The energy transformation taking place when natural gas is used to heat water is:
chemical energy into thermal energy
2)When you rub your hands together on a cold day, you use friction to transform mechanical energy into
thermal energy.
The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is transformed to another, no
energy is destroyed in the process.
The United States uses the Fahrenheit scale to measure temperature.
The metric system temperature scales are Celsius and Kelvin.
Zero Kelvin is the lowest temperature possible and is called absolute zero.
As the pendulum above moves from position C to E, the pendulum gains potential energy. As it swings
from A to C, it loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy.
200’C
300’C
200’C
A
B
C
The amount of thermal energy depends on the temperature of the object and the number of particles. The
object above with the most thermal energy is object B.
Heat transfers from warmer areas to colder areas. So, if you took a cold drink out of the refrigerator, it
would gain thermal energy from its surroundings.
The transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects is
called conduction.
The transfer of heat from one fluid (liquid or air) to another is called convection.