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Thebes, Greece wikipedia , lookup
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Sparta 3 levels of society: “Equals” = descendants of invaders Half-citizens (free, soldiers, but no power) Helots = slaves (largest % of Sparta) Strict military state No literary, architectural achievements 2 Kings • 1 for army, 1 for city-state All males served in army • Lived to serve the state • No individual rights • Military school at age 7 • Married at 20, could not move home until 30 Women’s role was to produce more Spartans • Could own property, trade, and manage house/slaves • “Abducted” into marriage Spartans did not build to last • Used iron bars as money Did not believe in gold/silver Most famous for role in Persian Wars • 300 at Thermopylae Later Wars fought Athens in Peloponnesian All that’s left of Sparta All that’s left of Sparta Built on the sea Named after goddess Athena Prospered through trade Spent most money on community Artists, teachers drawn to Athens Acropolis at Athens Power held by Athens-born citizens Slave class= 50% of population Value of education (body & mind) • Schooling with tutors Music, gymnastics, writing, debate 1 year military training @ 18 Citizens = free men Few rights for women • No ownership of property, inheritances • Had to have male escorts • Had to hide! Draco created first written laws • Harsh = “Draconian” Cleistenes turned Athens to democracy Democracy = All people participate Assembly • All male citizens over 18 • Random choice for juries Generals elected in wartime Temple to Athena Had 38’ ivory/gold statue inside • Church (500s CE) • Mosque (1400s) • Arsenal (1600s) Athenians support revolts against Persia Darius invades to punish Athens • Athens win @ Marathon Darius’ son Xerxes returns • Spartan 300 @ Thermopylae • Destroys Athens • Defeated by Athenian navy @ Salamis Strait Xerxes Thermopylae Athens forms Delian League • Many united city-states, under Athens Sparta & Athens fight • Fight 27 years • Plague in Athens • Sparta wins! • Still no control of all Greece