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Review Culture, Diffusion and Ethnocentrism 1- Culture 2- Cultural Diffusion 3- Ethnocentrism 4- Phoenicians 5- Hebrews 6- Torah 7- Monotheism 8- Kush 9- Nubia 10- Meroë World History/Napp It is the belief in one God. According to this belief, there are no other gods. It is ___________________. It was an important African kingdom located south of Egypt. It borrowed cultural ideas from Egypt but it also conquered Egypt. It was ______________. It was a region located south of Egypt. Many important kingdoms developed in this region like the kingdom of Kush. It was ______________. It is a way of life of a group of people. It is acquired or learned. It includes the kinds of clothing worn, the foods enjoyed, the religious beliefs and even the language of the group. It is ________________. They were ancient seafaring people. They developed the world’s first alphabet, an idea that spread. They were the ________________. According to their belief system, God called on their founder, Abraham, to move from Mesopotamia to Canaan and over time, to worship one God. They are the _______________. It is the spread of a cultural idea or object from one culture group to another culture group. The spread of Buddhism from the Indian subcontinent to China, Korea and Japan is an example of it. It is _______________________. In this important land in Africa, iron was produced. It became a center of iron production. It was ______________. It refers to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. It includes the story of Moses and the Ten Commandments. It is the ______________. It is the belief that one culture is superior to another culture. The ancient Romans held this belief as they referred to the Germanic tribes as barbarians or lacking refinement and civilization. It is ____________________. Reading: “The father of the Hebrews was a man named Abraham. Originally called Abram, he was born about 2,000 B.C.E. in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia. The people of Ur worshiped many gods. But Abram came to believe there was only one true God. This belief in one God would set Judaism apart from other ancient religions. And Abram’s special relationship to God would become the foundation of the Hebrew faith. According to the Torah, the faith that would become Judaism began with a sacred agreement, or covenant, between God and Abram. The Torah says that God visited Abram when he was an old man. God told him, ‘Leave your own country and your father’s house, and go to a country that I will show you.’ God promised to make Abram the father of a great nation of people. Abram obeyed. Around 1950 B.C.E. he gathered his many relatives and went west into the land of Canaan. When Abram was 99 years old, the Torah says, God spoke to him again: ‘I will make a covenant between myself and you.’ God promised to favor and protect Abram’s descendants, meaning his children and the generations that would follow. In return, Abram agreed that he and his people would always devote themselves to God. As a mark of their covenant, God gave Abram a new name, Abraham, which means ‘father of many.’ God also promised the land of Canaan to Abraham’s people. For Jews, Canaan became the ‘promised land.’ According to the Torah, the covenant meant that Jews would set an example for how God wanted people to live. According to the Torah, God tested Abraham’s faith and obedience many times. The final test was the hardest. It was common at that time to offer animals as a sacrifice to the gods. An animal such as a sheep would be killed and then burned on an altar. In his old age, Abraham had finally fathered a son, Isaac. The Torah says that one day God tested Abraham by telling him to make a sacrifice of his son. Abraham dearly loved his son. Yet his devotion to God was so complete that he brought Isaac to a mountain to be sacrificed. At the last minute, God sent an angel to stop Abraham from killing his son. Abraham had proved his faith and obedience, and God renewed the promise to him. God said, ‘I will make your descendants as many as the stars of heaven.’ According to the Torah, God kept the promise. The Hebrews flourished. The nation was made up of 12 tribes that were descended from Abraham’s grandson, Jacob, whom an angel from God had named Israel. Abraham made many contributions to the development of Judaism. He was the ancestor of the Jewish people. He introduced the belief in a single God. Because of his covenant with God, Jews believed they should set an example of how to live. Their reward was the promised land. These beliefs became a central part of Judaism.” ~ World History 1- Where was Abram born and what did the people of his city believe? 2- What did Abram come to believe? Why? 3- According to the Torah, what did God ask Abram to do? 4- Define covenant. 5- What was the covenant that God and Abram had according to the Torah? 6- Define Torah. 7- According to the Torah, why did God give Abram a new name? 8- What was Abram’s new name and what did it mean? 9- Why was the land of Canaan important to Abraham and his descendants? 10- What was Abraham asked to sacrifice? 11- Why was Abraham asked to make this sacrifice? 12- Why was Abraham willing to make this sacrifice? 13- Why did the sacrifice not occur? 14- What promise did God make to Abraham according to the Torah? 15- What contributions did Abraham make to the development of Judaism? Complete the graphic organizer below: Abraham: Beliefs: Judaism The introduction of Buddhism into Japan and of Christianity into Africa are examples of 1. modernization 2. ethnic conflict 3. cultural diffusion 4. isolation Ethnocentrism is best defined as 1. the belief that one’s culture is superior to all others 2. military preparation for a civil war 3. love and devotion to one’s country 4. a belief in one god Which is the most valid statement about cultural diffusion? 1. Technological advances have little effect on it. 2. Adaptation is an important factor in it. 3. Politically similar societies experience it most often. 4. Ethnic identity is preserved through it. The study of the art, music, and literature of a nation helps us better to understand the nation’s 1. economic progress 2. political development 3. cultural values 4. technological advancement Buddhist temples are found in Japan. Most Indonesians study the Koran. Catholicism is the dominant religion in Latin America. Which is the most valid statement about These statements illustrate a result of customs, religion, and family structure? 1. westernization 1. They are forms of social control. 2. cultural diffusion 2. Their main purpose is to prevent 3. economic nationalism social change. 4. fundamentalism 3. They are seldom influenced by the existing economic system. In the broadest definition, the term 4. They are often changed by political “culture” means that events. 1. art museums, symphony orchestras, and theater productions are part of Which situation is most characteristic of a all civilizations traditional society? 2. more complex languages are found 1. College students protest an in developing societies administrative decision. 3. a centralized form of government 2. A local farmer purchases chemical organizes and directs the economy fertilizer. 4. a distinct way of living and 3. A boy learns his father’s behaving is learned by the members occupation. of a society 4. Men and women possess full social equality. Extended families and limited social mobility are characteristics of In most traditional societies, the principal 1. constitutional monarchies institution for the transmission of values is 2. polytheistic religions the 3. traditional societies 1. family 3. court system 4. socialist economies 2. school system 4. Press