Download TYPES of MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

Managed Access
Coordinators Training 1
ISAIAS MAJIL
MPA COORDINATOR
FISHERIES DEPARTMENT
July 2013
What is a Marine Protected Area?
• Any area of ocean, sometimes with adjacent
land, set aside to preserve the beauty, flora,
fauna, and/or the utility of that area for future
generations ( marine reserves )
• Involves limitations of current benefits to some
stakeholders to ensure the long-term benefits of
all stakeholders
Mission
• Fisheries Department ……….
TYPES of MARINE
PROTECTED AREAS
• Marine Reserves
• National Parks
• Natural Monuments
• Sanctuaries
• Reserves
• Antiquities Areas (not yet used in Belize)
( 7 properties make up the BBRRS WHS )
LEGAL AUTHORITIES
• MINISTRY of FORESTRY,FISHERIES AND SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
– Fisheries Department
• Fisheries Act
– Marine Reserves
-Forest Department
– National Parks System Act
• National Parks
- Wildlife Sanctuaries
• Natural Monuments - Mangrove Reserves
• MINISTRY of TOURISM
– Archaeology Department
• Antiquities Act
– None to Date
MULTIPLE USE CONCEPT
• Zonation Scheme
• General Use Zone: Fishing,Recreation, Research – 85%
• Conservation Zone: Non Extractive Activities – 10%
• Preservation Zone: No Activities Allowed – 5%
( Wilderness Zone )
• Current
Protected
Areas along
Belize’s Coast
MPA System
List of Belize Marine Protected Areas
Protected Area Name
Marine area (Km2)
Bacalar Chico
Blue Hole
Fully protected marine area (Km2)
52.8
9.2
4.1
4.1
38.9
14.0
5.5
5.5
703.7
0.0
Caye Bokel (South Point Turneffe)
Caye Caulker
Caye Glory
Corozal Bay
Dog Flea Caye**
Gladden spit & Silk Cayes
110.4
1.5
Glovers Reef Marine Reserve
350.7
73.4
Half Moon Caye
39.2
39.2
Hol Chan
54.4
4.2
Laughing Bird Caye
41.0
41.0
Nicholas Caye
6.7
6.7
Northern Glover's
6.2
6.2
395.0
13.2
Port Honduras
Rise and Fall Bank
17.2
17.2
Rocky Point
5.7
5.7
Sandbore
4.5
4.5
156.2
4.9
Seal Caye
6.5
6.5
South Point Lighthouse
5.3
5.3
476.7
89.9
Sapodilla Cays
South Water Caye Reserve
Swallow Caye
33.5
36.3
Turneffe Atoll
1176.2
152.15
3690.4
540.7
Totals
No-take as Percent of
Territorial Seas
3%
No-take as Percent of
MPA's
15%
No-take as Perent of
Teritorial Seas <100ft depth
6%
Spawning Aggregation Sites Protected under SI 161 of 2003
Protected Area Location / Affiliated Management Unit Adjacent to / within MPA
Area (Acres)
Rocky Point
Bacalar Chico Marine Reserve / BFD Yes
1,402
Dog Flea Caye Turneffe / BFD
yes
1,424
Caye okel
Turneffe / BFD
yes
1,402
Sandbore
Lighthouse Reef / FD / BAS
No
1,288
South Point Lighthouse Lighthouse Reef / FD / BAS
No
1,378
Emily / Caye Glory South Water Caye Marine Reserve / BFD No
1,351
Northern Glover’s Glover’s Reef / BFD
Yes
1,779
Gladden Spit
Gladden Spit and Silk Cayes Marine Reserve/ BFD/SEA Yes 1.280
Rise and Fall Bank Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve / BFD / SEA Yes
4,250
Nicholas Caye Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve / BFD / SEA Yes
1,664
Seal Caye
Sapodilla Cayes Marine Reserve / BFD / SEA Yes
1,600
WHY CREATE MARINE
RESERVES
•
•
•
•
•
•
To Foster Education
To Promote Research
To Improve Fisheries
To Allow for Recreation
To Protect Endangered Species
To Protect Ecosystems and Biodiversity
EDUCATION
• MPA’s are excellent places for the
public to interact with nature
• Seeing flora and fauna in their natural
state increases awareness of
conservation issues
• MPA’s provide a more controlled
environment so educational activity
impacts can be managed properly
RESEARCH
• Establishment of best practices requires
knowledge of ecosystem function with
minimal human impact
• Different types of MPA’s and zones within
MPA’s allow for co-existence of research
with other uses
• As human populations grow and spread, it
becomes harder to find pristine areas to
study
FISHERIES
• Increased spawning stock biomass provides
greater replenishment
• Spillover enhances local catches
• Offers insurance against uncertainty
• Increased predictability of catches
• Reduced problems of multi-species
management
• Easier enforcement
• Greater equity among fishers
RECREATION
•
•
•
•
Swimming
Snorkeling and Diving
Sport Fishing
Appreciation of
Nature’s Beauty
ENDANGERED SPECIES
• Reduced Predation Pressure
• Maintenance of Necessary Habitat
– Food sources
– Shelter
– Mating Areas
• Reduced Disturbance and Stress
• Maintenance of Minimum Sustainable
Population Densities
ECOSYSTEMS and BIODIVERSITY
• Changes in populations of even one
species or of any abiotic factor can
lead to drastic change or even
collapse of an ecosystem
• Preservation of large, interconnected
communities of organisms is often
necessary to retain dynamic stability
• A holistic approach is required to
assure long-term efficacy of
protection
ISSUES of MAINTAINING MPA’s
• Funding
• Economic Impact
–
–
–
–
Restriction of Extractive Industries
Restriction of Development
Restriction of Disturbing Industries
Decreased Profitability due to Protective Regulations
• Limitation of Access ( pilot sites )
LEGAL ISSUES
• Equitable Enforcement
• Political Inertia/ but changing
• Political RecalcitrancePenalties for
Regulation Infractions
MANAGEMENT
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Site Manager
Biologist
Enforcement Rangers
Each site has a headquarters *
Rotational schedules
All are involved in all management
programs;
Environmental awareness
Enforcement
Environmental monitoring
Fisheries Management
Site management
Management plan framework
• National Protected Areas Policy Systems
Plan elaborated through a long
consultative process in 2005
• Includes various framework endorsed by
Cabinet
• Management plans have been updated at
a national level for our National Marine
Reserves Network
Bacalar Chico Marine Reserve
and National Park
Hol Chan Marine Reserve EXT.
Caye Caulker Marine Reserve
Turneffe Atoll Marine Reserve
South Water Caye Marine
Reserve
Glover’s Reef Marine Reserve
Gladden Spit and Silk Cayes
Marine Reserves
Port Honduras Marine Reserve
Sapodilla
CO-MANAGEMENT
• For Some MPA’s, non-governmental
partners work as partners in managing the
area
• Allows for involvement of the local
community ( advisory committee)
• Shares costs of management
• Encourages buy-in of stakeholder groups
• Promotes better adherence to regulations
Co management Agreements
• Southern Environmental Association
• Toledo Institute for Development And
Environment
• Partial agreement with Forest and Marine
Reserve Association of Caye Caulker
FAMRACC
• Partners: WCS, WWF, SACD, ERI, TASA,
EDF, BAS, ECOMAR,
• IMPORTANT TO ENGAGE IN AREAS
THEY HAVE INVOLVEMENT
QUESTIONS
• THANK YOU!!!!!!